TÜRKIYE'DE 1950-1960 DÖNEMINDE KENTLEŞME SÜRECINI SIYASI IKTIDARIN YAPISI VE UYGULAMALARI AÇISINDAN YORUMLAMAK
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2016
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye'de 1950-1960 dönemi, kentleşmenin hız kazandığı yıllardır. Dönem içerisinde kentleşmenin hem hız kazanması hem de seyri, siyasi iktidarın uygulamalarından bağımsız gerçekleşmemiştir. Kentleşmenin hız kazanmasının nedeni ve gelişme biçimi o dönemdeki iktidar bloğunun yapısı ve uygulamalarına dayanmaktadır. Türkiye'de 1950-1960 döneminin iktidar bloğu ticaret burjuvazisi ve büyük toprak sahipleridir. Tarımsal alanda yapılan makineleşme, modernizasyon, çiftçiye ucuz kredi sağlanması gibi reformlar, söz konusu iktidar bloğu içerisinde, büyük toprak sahiplerinin lehine olan uygulamalardır. Bunun kentleşme bağlamında ortaya çıkardığı sonuç, iş gücü fazlalığının belirdiği köylerden, kentlere doğru iç göçün artması, yani kentleşmenin hızlanmasıdır. Öte yandan ticaret, hizmet ve kısmen de sanayi sektöründeki uygulamalar ise kentleşmenin, ticaret burjuvazisinin çıkarları lehine, sanayi temelinde değil fakat ticaret ve hizmet sektörleri çevresinde gelişmesine yol açmıştır. Siyasi iktidarın yapısı ve buna bağlı olarak uygulamaları kapsamında, kentleşmenin gerek büyük bir hızla belirmesi gerekse de seyri, etkileri günümüze kadar sürecek olan çarpık kentleşmenin de başlangıcı anlamına gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1950- 1960 dönemindeki kentleşmenin hız kazanmasının nedenini ve gelişme biçimini, "iktidar bloğu" kavramından hareketle ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır.
Urbanization has gained impetus between 1950 and 1960 in Turkey. Both rapid urbanization and its development were not independent of the practices of political power at this time. The composition of the power bloc in this period and its practices constituted the cause of rapid urbanization and its development. The power bloc in Turkey between 1950 and 1960 was consisted of the trade bourgeoisie and big landowners. Reforms such as mechanization and modernization in agriculture as well as cheaper credit to farmers were the practices developed for big landowners in the power bloc. These reforms resulted in the increase of internal migration from villages that experienced a rise in surplus labor, to cities and acceleration of urbanization. Besides; practices of trading and service sectors and partly the industrial sector led to the development of urbanization in favor of trade bourgeoisie, which centered on trade and service sectors rather than industry based - urbanization. Both growth of urbanization and its development in terms of the structure of political power and relative practices, have been the indicators of unplanned urbanization, whose effects survived today. This study aims to reveal the causes of rapid urbanization and its development process between 1950 and 1960 in the light of the concept of 'power bloc'.
Urbanization has gained impetus between 1950 and 1960 in Turkey. Both rapid urbanization and its development were not independent of the practices of political power at this time. The composition of the power bloc in this period and its practices constituted the cause of rapid urbanization and its development. The power bloc in Turkey between 1950 and 1960 was consisted of the trade bourgeoisie and big landowners. Reforms such as mechanization and modernization in agriculture as well as cheaper credit to farmers were the practices developed for big landowners in the power bloc. These reforms resulted in the increase of internal migration from villages that experienced a rise in surplus labor, to cities and acceleration of urbanization. Besides; practices of trading and service sectors and partly the industrial sector led to the development of urbanization in favor of trade bourgeoisie, which centered on trade and service sectors rather than industry based - urbanization. Both growth of urbanization and its development in terms of the structure of political power and relative practices, have been the indicators of unplanned urbanization, whose effects survived today. This study aims to reveal the causes of rapid urbanization and its development process between 1950 and 1960 in the light of the concept of 'power bloc'.
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