#YOK
[ X ]
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırklareli Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
1980'li yıllarda Türk finans sistemine dahil olan ve konjoktürel etkileriyle beraber son zamanlarda önemli bir büyüme potansiyeli gösteren katılım bankaları, faiz hassasiyeti sebebi ile ekonomide değerlenemeyen atıl fonların reel ekonomiye dahil edilerek değerlenmesinde etkin bir rol oynamaktadır. Öncelikle İslam ülkelerinde faaliyet göstermeye başlayarak İslami usül ve esasları ilke olarak benimseyen katılım bankalarının esas ortaya çıkış noktası faizsizlik ilkesi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Kâr-zarar iştiraki vasıtasıyla ekonomiyi destekleyerek, kendi ekseninde gerçekleştirdiği faaliyetleri ise İslam Dini'nin emirlerine ve bu sayede faizsiz ya da İslami bankacılık şartlarına göre devam ettirmektedir. Uluslararası anlamda gelişme gösteren katılım bankaları, Türkiye'de de popülerlik kazanarak gelişimini sürdürmüştür. Yaşanan gelişim süreci içinde sermayenin uluslararası dolaşımındaki engellerin kalkarak piyasaların küreselleşmesi ve teknolojik gelişmelerin de etkisi ile risk unsuru finans sektörü içinde önem kazanmıştır. Özellikle 1970?li yıllardan itibaren Bretton Woods sisteminin çökerek dalgalı kur sistemine geçilmesi ve petrol krizlerinin de ortaya çıkardığı fiyat dalgalanmalarında risklerin yönetimi ve belirsizliklerin yaratacağı kayıpların etkilerinden korunmak amacıyla türev ürünlerin kullanımı finansal sistemde etkin bir rol oynamıştır. Günümüzde ise 2019 yılından itibaren küresel bir boyut kazanan Covid-19 pandemisiyle birlikte oluşan belirsiz ortam ülke ekonomilerinde ve finans sektörü üzerinde kırılganlıkları oluşturarak, küresel piyasalarda dengesizlikleri doğurmuştur. Bu belirsiz sürecin akabinde ekonomik faaliyetlerin ve finansal sektörün karşılaşacağı risklerin yönetimi türev ürünler aracılığıyla gerçekleştirmiştir. Çalışmada finansal sistem içinde konvensiyonel bankacılığın yanısıra Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de önemli bir gelişme gösteren katılım bankacılığı ve katılım bankacılığında risk yönetiminde etkin bir rol oynayan türev ürünlerin kullanımı farklı boyutları ile incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda tüm dünyayı etkileyen ve finansal kırılganlık yaratan Covid-19 pandemisinin ekonomik ve sosyal etkileri detaylı bir şekilde incelenerek reel piyasalara fon aktarımında etkin bir rol oynayan bankacılık sistemi ve özellikle katılım bankacılığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ile risk yönetim sistemlerinden türev ürünlerin kullanımı üzerindeki etkileri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada katılım bankalarında türev ürünlerin kullanımı ve bu tür ürünlerin kullanımının özellikle ciddi risk unsuru oluşturan ve küresel boyutta etkili olan Covid-19 pandemisi ve sonrasında sistemin karşılaşacağı bu tür küresel risklere karşı etkin kullanılabilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Participating in the Turkish financial system in the 1980s, and showing a significant growth ecently with the cyclical effects of societies, participation banks ensure that idle funds that cannot be valued in the economy due to interest rate sensitivity are included in the real economy. First of all, starting to operate in Islamic countries, the main point of emergence in participation banks, where Islamic procedures and principles are adopted as a principle, has been accepted as the interest-free principle. Participation banks, which fulfill their authority to support the economy through profit-loss sharing, continue their activities on their own axis according to the orders of the Islamic Religion and thus interest-free or Islamic banking conditions. Participation banks, which have developed internationally, have continued their development by gaining popularity in Turkey as well. However, over time, the barriers to the international circulation of capital have been removed and the globalization of the markets, and the effect of technological developments, the risk factor has gained an important place in the finance sector. Especially since the 1970s, the collapse of the Bretton Woods system and the transition to the floating exchange rate system, the management of risks in price fluctuations caused by the oil crises and the use of derivative products in order to protect from the effects of losses caused by uncertainties played an active role in the financial system. The uncertain environment that emerged with the Covid-19 pandemic, which has gained a global dimension since 2019, has created vulnerabilities in the national economies and the financial sector, resulting in imbalances in global markets. After this uncertain process, the management of the risks that the economic activities and the financial sector will face was carried out through derivative products. In this study, first of all, the basic lines of participation banking are explained and then derivative products that play an active role in the management of the risks they encounter during their activities are included. Today, the use of derivative products in the world and in Turkey has been explained and their compliance with Islamic principles has been evaluated in the name of risk management in participation banks of the Covid-19 pandemic, which creates a serious risk factor in the markets and affects all sectors by playing an active role on the financial sector.
Participating in the Turkish financial system in the 1980s, and showing a significant growth ecently with the cyclical effects of societies, participation banks ensure that idle funds that cannot be valued in the economy due to interest rate sensitivity are included in the real economy. First of all, starting to operate in Islamic countries, the main point of emergence in participation banks, where Islamic procedures and principles are adopted as a principle, has been accepted as the interest-free principle. Participation banks, which fulfill their authority to support the economy through profit-loss sharing, continue their activities on their own axis according to the orders of the Islamic Religion and thus interest-free or Islamic banking conditions. Participation banks, which have developed internationally, have continued their development by gaining popularity in Turkey as well. However, over time, the barriers to the international circulation of capital have been removed and the globalization of the markets, and the effect of technological developments, the risk factor has gained an important place in the finance sector. Especially since the 1970s, the collapse of the Bretton Woods system and the transition to the floating exchange rate system, the management of risks in price fluctuations caused by the oil crises and the use of derivative products in order to protect from the effects of losses caused by uncertainties played an active role in the financial system. The uncertain environment that emerged with the Covid-19 pandemic, which has gained a global dimension since 2019, has created vulnerabilities in the national economies and the financial sector, resulting in imbalances in global markets. After this uncertain process, the management of the risks that the economic activities and the financial sector will face was carried out through derivative products. In this study, first of all, the basic lines of participation banking are explained and then derivative products that play an active role in the management of the risks they encounter during their activities are included. Today, the use of derivative products in the world and in Turkey has been explained and their compliance with Islamic principles has been evaluated in the name of risk management in participation banks of the Covid-19 pandemic, which creates a serious risk factor in the markets and affects all sectors by playing an active role on the financial sector.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bankacılık ve Finans Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bankacılık, Banking
