Antikiteden postmodernizme siyasal ahlakta yapısal dönüşüm
[ X ]
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, siyasal ahlak kavramını doğuran arkaik unsurlar, birbirleriyle olan bağlantıları üzerinden her birinin ahlak kavramından başlayarak devlete, dine ve bireye nasıl tesir ettiğini göstererek incelenmektedir. Lévi-Strauss'un "yaban düşünce" kavramı üzerinden ele alınan arkaik düşünce biçiminin doğurduğu "somut semboller" sayesinde, toplumların erken devleti nasıl algıladığı ve bunun üzerine devletle olan ilişkilerinde hangi ahlaki kodları kurguladıkları, Doğu ve Batı kültürel yayılma hatları üzerinden okunabilmektedir. Bilhassa Batı dünyasının devlet algısı, siyasal ahlakın yapısını Doğu dünyasından tamamen ayırmış, kötücül bir "ejderhaya" benzetilen devlete karşı bir çekince doğmuş ve tüm bir siyasal ahlak yapısı bazen devleti kontrol etme işlevi gören, bazen de devletlerin bireyleri kontrol edebilmek amacıyla kullandığı bir araç hâline dönüşmüştür. Bu yapısal farklılıklar tarihsel dönüm noktaları üzerinden oluşmakta ve siyasal ahlakın yönelimini değiştirmektedir. Siyasal ahlakın soykütüğünü ortaya koyabilmek için Johan Huizinga'nın Homo Ludens tabiri ilkel insanın oyun temelli davranış kalıplarının doğuşunu açıklayacak bir çatı kavram olarak kullanılmış, Lévi-Bruhl ve Lévi-Strauss gibi antropologların arkaik insanın düşünce kategorilerine dair çalışmalarından mümkün olduğunca yararlanılmış ve daha sonra Doğu ve Batı felsefe tarihinde siyasal ahlaka hitap eden belli başlı düşünürler ve tarihsel olaylar, kültür çalışmaları ve semiyotik gibi disiplinlerden de yararlanılarak silsile hâlinde anlatılmıştır.
In this study, the archaic elements that give birth to the concept of political morality are examined by showing how each of them affects, starting from the concept of morality, the state, religion and individual, through their connections with each other. Through the "concrete symbols" created by the archaic way of thinking which Lévi-Strauss summarized as the concept of "savage mind", how societies perceive the early state and which moral codes they construct in their relations with the state can be read through the lines of Eastern and Western cultural lines. In particular, the perception of the state of the Western world has completely separated the structure of political morality from the Eastern world, a reservation has arisen against the state, which is likened to an evil "dragon", and a whole political moral structure has turned into a tool that sometimes functions to control the state, and sometimes states use to control individuals. These structural differences occur over historical turning points and change the orientation of political morality. In order to reveal the genealogy of political morality, Johan Huizinga's term Homo Ludens was used as an umbrella concept to explain the emergence of play-based behavioral patterns of primitive human beings; the studies of anthropologists such as Lévy-Bruhl and Lévi-Strauss on the categories of thought of archaic people were used as much as possible; and then, major thinkers and historical events that address political morality in the history of Eastern and Western philosophy, are described in a series with the help of disciplines such as cultural studies and semiotics.
In this study, the archaic elements that give birth to the concept of political morality are examined by showing how each of them affects, starting from the concept of morality, the state, religion and individual, through their connections with each other. Through the "concrete symbols" created by the archaic way of thinking which Lévi-Strauss summarized as the concept of "savage mind", how societies perceive the early state and which moral codes they construct in their relations with the state can be read through the lines of Eastern and Western cultural lines. In particular, the perception of the state of the Western world has completely separated the structure of political morality from the Eastern world, a reservation has arisen against the state, which is likened to an evil "dragon", and a whole political moral structure has turned into a tool that sometimes functions to control the state, and sometimes states use to control individuals. These structural differences occur over historical turning points and change the orientation of political morality. In order to reveal the genealogy of political morality, Johan Huizinga's term Homo Ludens was used as an umbrella concept to explain the emergence of play-based behavioral patterns of primitive human beings; the studies of anthropologists such as Lévy-Bruhl and Lévi-Strauss on the categories of thought of archaic people were used as much as possible; and then, major thinkers and historical events that address political morality in the history of Eastern and Western philosophy, are described in a series with the help of disciplines such as cultural studies and semiotics.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
