Anayasa Mahkemesi bireysel başvuru kararlarında ifade özgürlüğü
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Date
2023
Authors
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Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Access Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Çağdaş anayasal demokrasilerin temelini oluşturan ifade özgürlüğü, İnsan hakları hukukunda ayrıcalıklı bir konuma sahiptir. İfade özgürlüğü ile bireyler, sahip oldukları fikir ve düşünceleri, her türlü vasıta ile herhangi bir sınırlama olmaksızın dış âleme aktarma imkânı elde eder. İfade özgürlüğü farklı fikirlerin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlayarak bireylere daha iyi olanı seçme imkânı sağlar. Toplum ve devlet yapısının sağlıklı oluşumunda ve sürdürülmesinde ifade özgürlüğünün sağlanması önemlidir. Hukukun üstünlüğünün bir gereği olarak temel hakların ve bu kapsamda ifade özgürlüğünün üst düzeyde korunması sağlanmalıdır. İnsan hakları hukukunun gelişim sürecinde, temel hakların etkili bir şekilde korunmasına yönelik olarak, bireysel başvuru kurumu anayasa yargısına dâhil edilmiştir. Ülkemizde ise Anayasada yapılan 2010 yılındaki değişikliklerle bireysel başvuru yöntemi Türk hukukuna dâhil edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi'nin ve Anayasanın ortak koruma alanında yer alan hakların ihlali halinde, bireysel başvuru yapılmasına imkân tanınmıştır. Temel hak ve özgürlükler alanındaki hukuk dışı müdahalelerin önlenmesi ve giderilmesi noktasında bireysel başvuru, kişiler için etkili bir koruma mekanizmasıdır. Bu mekanizmanın varlığı kadar, sağlıklı işlemesi ve etkin sonuç doğurması da önemlidir. Bireysel başvurunun etkili olması, AYM'nin özgürlükçü yaklaşımı ile birlikte, tespit edilen ihlallere ilişkin kararların ilgili mercilerce uygulanmasını da gerektirir. Bu tez kapsamında, ilk olarak ifade özgürlüğünün tanımına yer verilmiş ve bu özgürlüğün felsefi temelleri ile ilgili teoriler, unsurları, tarihi gelişimi ve uluslararası hukuk metinleri ile Türk hukuk metinlerindeki ilgili düzenlemeler inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. İkinci olarak, bireysel başvurunun tanımına ve özelliklerine yer verilmiş, işlevi ve tarihi gelişimi aktarılarak, hukukumuzdaki esas ve usulleri ele alınmıştır. Tezin son bölümünde, AYM'nin bireysel başvuru kapsamında ifade özgürlüğü ile ilgili verdiği kararlar incelenmiş ve bu kararların uygulamada etkinliğinin sağlanmasının önemi açıklanarak, etkinliğin sağlanmasına yönelik öneriler getirilmiştir.
Freedom of expression, which forms the basis of contemporary constitutional democracies, has a privileged position in human rights law. With the freedom of expression, individuals have the opportunity to transfer their ideas and thoughts to the outside world, without any restriction, by any means. Freedom of expression paves the way for the emergence of different ideas and provides individuals with the opportunity to choose the better. It is important to ensure freedom of expression in the healthy formation and maintenance of the society and State structure. As a requirement of the rule of law, fundamental rights and, in this context, freedom of expression must be protected at a high level. In the development process of human rights law, the institution of individual application has been included in the constitutional judiciary for the effective protection of fundamental rights. In our country, with the constitutional changes in 2010, the individual application method has been included in Turkish law. In this context, in case of violation of the rights in the joint protection area of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Constitution, individual application has been made available. Individual application is an effective protection mechanism for individuals in preventing and eliminating unlawful interventions in the field of fundamental rights and freedoms. As important as the existence of this mechanism, its healthy functioning and effective results are also important. The effectiveness of the individual application, together with the libertarian approach of the Constitutional Court, also requires the implementation of the decisions regarding the detected violations by the relevant authorities. Within the scope of this thesis, firstly, the definition of freedom of expression is included and the theories regarding the philosophical foundations of this freedom, its elements, historical development and relevant regulations in international law texts and Turkish law texts are examined. Secondly, the definition and characteristics of individual application are included, its function and historical development are explained, and its principles and procedures in our law are discussed. In the last part of the thesis, the decisions made by the Constitutional Court regarding freedom of expression within the scope of individual application were examined and the importance of ensuring the effectiveness of these decisions in practice was explained and suggestions were made for ensuring efficiency.
Freedom of expression, which forms the basis of contemporary constitutional democracies, has a privileged position in human rights law. With the freedom of expression, individuals have the opportunity to transfer their ideas and thoughts to the outside world, without any restriction, by any means. Freedom of expression paves the way for the emergence of different ideas and provides individuals with the opportunity to choose the better. It is important to ensure freedom of expression in the healthy formation and maintenance of the society and State structure. As a requirement of the rule of law, fundamental rights and, in this context, freedom of expression must be protected at a high level. In the development process of human rights law, the institution of individual application has been included in the constitutional judiciary for the effective protection of fundamental rights. In our country, with the constitutional changes in 2010, the individual application method has been included in Turkish law. In this context, in case of violation of the rights in the joint protection area of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Constitution, individual application has been made available. Individual application is an effective protection mechanism for individuals in preventing and eliminating unlawful interventions in the field of fundamental rights and freedoms. As important as the existence of this mechanism, its healthy functioning and effective results are also important. The effectiveness of the individual application, together with the libertarian approach of the Constitutional Court, also requires the implementation of the decisions regarding the detected violations by the relevant authorities. Within the scope of this thesis, firstly, the definition of freedom of expression is included and the theories regarding the philosophical foundations of this freedom, its elements, historical development and relevant regulations in international law texts and Turkish law texts are examined. Secondly, the definition and characteristics of individual application are included, its function and historical development are explained, and its principles and procedures in our law are discussed. In the last part of the thesis, the decisions made by the Constitutional Court regarding freedom of expression within the scope of individual application were examined and the importance of ensuring the effectiveness of these decisions in practice was explained and suggestions were made for ensuring efficiency.
Description
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kamu Hukuku Ana Bilim Dalı
Keywords
Hukuk, Law
