Otoriter siyasal sistemlerde propaganda ve eleştiri aracı olarak sanat
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Toplum halinde yaşamanın temel özelliği olan düzen, farklı otorite biçimlerini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Topluluklar tarih boyunca düzeni sağlamak amacıyla lider ya da yönetici gruba ihtiyaç duymuştur. Lider ya da yönetici zümre farklı biçimlerde onlara tanınan gücü kullanma meşruiyetine sahip olmuşlardır. Pek çok iktidar biçiminin doğasında bulunan bu otoriterleşme durumu, güce maruz kalan halk tarafından çeşitli biçimlerde tepkilere, eleştirilere uğrayacaktır. Otorite kavramı meşruluk gerektirir. Meşruiyet otoritenin haklılığını ve kaynağını gösterecektir. Meşruiyetin kabul edilmediği noktada diktatörlüğe gidilir. Otoriter yönetimlerde, bu yönetim tarzından memnun olmayanların tepkileri, çeşitli biçimlerde ve zorlama yolu ile engellenmeye çalışılır. Fakat bireyler ve onların oluşturduğu gruplar farklı biçimlerde eleştiri ve karşı çıkış yolları arama eğilimindedir. Bu karşı çıkış yollarından en ılımlısı ve belki de en etkilisi sanattır. Sanat hemen her dönemde halkın ruh halinin etkin bir biçimde yansıtılmasında önemli ve etkili bir araç olmuştur. Çalışmamızda eleştiri ve propaganda aracı olarak sanattan faydalanan, otoriter siyasal sistem örneklerinden Nazi Almanyası ele alınmıştır. Frankfurt Okulu'nun incelemelerinden yola çıkarak siyasal sistemlerin otoriterleştiği dönemlerde sanatsal alanların nasıl etkin bir biçimde kullanılabileceğini ortaya konmuştur.
The order, which is the main characteristic of living in society, reveals different forms of authority. Communities have needed a leader or an executive group to maintain order throughout history. The leader or ruling group has had the legitimacy to use the power granted to them in different forms. This state of authoritarianism, inherent in many forms of power, will be subjected to various forms of reactions and criticism by the people subjected to power. The concept of authority requires legitimacy. Legitimacy will show the rightness and source of authority. At the point where legitimacy is not accepted, a dictatorship is established. In authoritarian administrations, the reactions of those who are dissatisfied with this style of management are tried to be prevented in various forms and by coercion. But individuals and the groups they form tend to seek ways of criticism and deconstruction in different forms. The most moderate and perhaps the most effective of these ways of opposing is art. Art has been an important and effective tool in the effective reflection of the public mood in almost every period. In our study, Nazi Germany, which uses art as a tool of criticism and propaganda, is considered as an example of an authoritarian political system. Based on the reviews of the Frankfurt School, it was revealed how artistic spaces can be effectively used during periods when political systems have become authoritarian.
The order, which is the main characteristic of living in society, reveals different forms of authority. Communities have needed a leader or an executive group to maintain order throughout history. The leader or ruling group has had the legitimacy to use the power granted to them in different forms. This state of authoritarianism, inherent in many forms of power, will be subjected to various forms of reactions and criticism by the people subjected to power. The concept of authority requires legitimacy. Legitimacy will show the rightness and source of authority. At the point where legitimacy is not accepted, a dictatorship is established. In authoritarian administrations, the reactions of those who are dissatisfied with this style of management are tried to be prevented in various forms and by coercion. But individuals and the groups they form tend to seek ways of criticism and deconstruction in different forms. The most moderate and perhaps the most effective of these ways of opposing is art. Art has been an important and effective tool in the effective reflection of the public mood in almost every period. In our study, Nazi Germany, which uses art as a tool of criticism and propaganda, is considered as an example of an authoritarian political system. Based on the reviews of the Frankfurt School, it was revealed how artistic spaces can be effectively used during periods when political systems have become authoritarian.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
