Farklı yüzey işlemleri sonrası polietereterketon (biohpp) materyali ile nano grafen takviyeli biopolimer (G-CAM) materyalinde bakteri adhezyonlarının karşılaştırılması
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ağız sağlığı, kişinin genel sağlığı ve yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde önemli role sahiptir. Son yıllarda bilim ve teknoloji alanındaki gelişmeler ağızdaki bakterilerin patogenezi hakkında daha fazla bilgi sahibi olmamızı sağlamıştır. Toplumların artan sosyo-ekonomik durumlarıyla birlikte estetik ihtiyaçların artması, diş hekimlerini hem estetik hem de bakteriyel kontaminasyonları az restorasyonlar yapmaya yönlendirmiştir. Çalışmamızda güncel materyallerden olan %20 seramik doldurucu içeren polietereter keton (PEEK) ve nano-grafen takviyeli polimetil metakrilat kullanılmıştır. PEEK ve nano-grafen takviyeli polimetil metakrilat CAD-CAM bloklar kullanılarak 15×15×3 mm boyutlarında olmak üzere 72 adet PEEK blok ve 72 adet nano-grafen takviyeli polimetil metakrilat blok hazırlandı. PEEK ve nano-grafen takviyeli polimetilmetakrilat bloklar 6'şar gruba ayrıldı (n:12). Profilometre cihazıyla grupların yüzey pürüzlülüğü üç farklı noktadan ölçüm yapılarak değerlendirildi. Kontrol grubu dışındaki gruplara uygulanan farklı parlatma protokollerinden sonra profilometre ile yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerlendirildi. Daha sonra hazırlanan BioHPP ve nano-grafen takviyeli PMMA örneklere 5º-55º derecelik sıcaklık aralığında 5000 siklusluk termal yaşlandırma işlemi uygulandı ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü tekrar değerlendirildi. PEEK ve nano-grafen takviyeli polimetil metakrilat numuneleri üzerinde mikrobiyal tutunmayı gözlemlemek üzere yapılan ekim için; Streptococcus mutans mikroorganizmasının taze kültürü Brain Heart Infusion Broth besiyerinde hazırlandı. Hazırlanan taze kültürden numune başına 2mL inokülüm eklenmiştir. Hazırlanan plate'ler kilitli poşet içerisinde 37°C'de 24 saat inkübe edildi. 24 saat sonunda bakteri adezyonu tamamlanan örnekler kurutma kâğıtlarının üzerine alındılar. Örnekler bitim ve polisaj uygulanmış yüzeyleri yukarı gelecek şekilde SEM incelemesi için hazırlandı. Örnekler önce altın kaplama cihazında vakum altında altın püskürtme ile ince bir altın tabakası ile kaplandı. Ardından örneklerin makro ve mikro yapıları Tarama Elektron Mikroskobu' nda incelendi. Gruplardaki bakteri adhezyonu değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmada elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirmesi SPSS 22 paket programı (SPSS v20.0; IBM SPSS Inc. Chicago, ABD) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerlerinin istatistiksel değerlendirmesinde bağımsız değişkenlerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmada Tamhane testi kullanılmıştır. Varyansların homojenliği ise Levene testi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Daha sonra grupların kendi içlerinde değerlendirmesi için tek yönlü ANOVA' yı takiben Tukey HSD testleri uygulandı. Yüzey pürüzlülügünün bakteri adezyonuna etkisini degerlendirmek ve aralarındaki iliskinin tespiti için regresyon analizi yapılmıstır. Çalışmamızın sonuçları göz önüne alındığında, yaşlandırma işleminin yüzey pürüzlülüğünü arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir.Yüzey pürüzlülüğü artan örneklerde daha fazla bakteriyel kontaminasyonu görülmüştür. Nano-grafen takviyeli PMMA, PEEK'e göre yaşlandırma işleminden daha fazla etkilenmiştir. Bununla birlikte rutin olarak kullanılmadan önce daha fazla in vitro ve klinik çalışmanın yapılması gereklidir.
Oral health has an important role in improving a person's overall health and quality of life. In recent years, advances in science and technology have enabled us to learn more about the pathogenesis of oral bacteria. With the increasing socioeconomic status of societies, the increase in aesthetic needs has led dentists to make restorations more aesthetic and with less bacterial contamination. Polyetherether ketone (PEEK) containing 20% ceramic filler and nano-graphene reinforced polymethyl methacrylate were used in our study. 72 PEEK blocks and 72 nano-graphene reinforced polymethyl methacrylate blocks were prepared, with PEEK and nano-graphen reinforced polymethyl methacrylate CAD-CAM blocks of 15 × 15 × 3 mm dimensions. PEEK and nano-graphene reinforced polymethylmethacrylate blocks were divided into 6 groups (n: 12). The surface roughness of the groups were evaluated a profilometer device measuring from three different points. After aplication of different polishing protocols to groups except the control group, the surface roughness was evaluated with a profilometer. Then, the prepared BioHPP and nano-graphen reinforced PMMA samples were subicated to thermal aging process of 5000 cycles in the temperature range of 5º-55º degrees and the surface roughness was evaluated again. For sowing to observe microbial adhesion on PEEK and nano-graphene reinforced polymethyl methacrylate samples; Fresh culture of Streptococcus mutans microorganism was prepared in Brain Heart Infusion Broth medium. 2mL of inoculum was added per sample from the fresh culture prepared. The prepared plates were incubated in a sealed bag at 37 ° C for 24 hours. At the end of 24 hours, the samples whose bacterial adhesion was completed were taken on blotting papers. The finished and polished surfaces of the samples were prepared for SEM examination with their surfaces facing upwards. The samples were first covered with a thin layer of gold by gold sputtering under vacuum in the gold plating apparatus. Then, the macro and micro structures of the samples were examined in the Scanning Electron Microscope. Bacterial adhesion in the groups was evaluated. Statistical evaluation of the data obtained in this study was made using the SPSS 22 package program (SPSS v20.0; IBM SPSS Inc. Chicago, USA). In the statistical evaluation of surface roughness values, the compatibility of independent variables to normal distribution was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Tamhane test was used for comparison between groups. The homogenity of variances was examined using the Levene test. Later, Tukey HSD tests were applied following one-way ANOVA to evaluate the groups among themselves. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on bacterial adhesion and to determine the relationship between them. Considering the results of our study, it was observed that the aging process increased the surface roughness. More bacterial contamination was observed in the samples with increased surface roughness. G-Cam was more affected by the aging process than nano-graphene reinforced PMMA PEEK. However, more in vitro and clinical studies are required before it can be used routinely.
Oral health has an important role in improving a person's overall health and quality of life. In recent years, advances in science and technology have enabled us to learn more about the pathogenesis of oral bacteria. With the increasing socioeconomic status of societies, the increase in aesthetic needs has led dentists to make restorations more aesthetic and with less bacterial contamination. Polyetherether ketone (PEEK) containing 20% ceramic filler and nano-graphene reinforced polymethyl methacrylate were used in our study. 72 PEEK blocks and 72 nano-graphene reinforced polymethyl methacrylate blocks were prepared, with PEEK and nano-graphen reinforced polymethyl methacrylate CAD-CAM blocks of 15 × 15 × 3 mm dimensions. PEEK and nano-graphene reinforced polymethylmethacrylate blocks were divided into 6 groups (n: 12). The surface roughness of the groups were evaluated a profilometer device measuring from three different points. After aplication of different polishing protocols to groups except the control group, the surface roughness was evaluated with a profilometer. Then, the prepared BioHPP and nano-graphen reinforced PMMA samples were subicated to thermal aging process of 5000 cycles in the temperature range of 5º-55º degrees and the surface roughness was evaluated again. For sowing to observe microbial adhesion on PEEK and nano-graphene reinforced polymethyl methacrylate samples; Fresh culture of Streptococcus mutans microorganism was prepared in Brain Heart Infusion Broth medium. 2mL of inoculum was added per sample from the fresh culture prepared. The prepared plates were incubated in a sealed bag at 37 ° C for 24 hours. At the end of 24 hours, the samples whose bacterial adhesion was completed were taken on blotting papers. The finished and polished surfaces of the samples were prepared for SEM examination with their surfaces facing upwards. The samples were first covered with a thin layer of gold by gold sputtering under vacuum in the gold plating apparatus. Then, the macro and micro structures of the samples were examined in the Scanning Electron Microscope. Bacterial adhesion in the groups was evaluated. Statistical evaluation of the data obtained in this study was made using the SPSS 22 package program (SPSS v20.0; IBM SPSS Inc. Chicago, USA). In the statistical evaluation of surface roughness values, the compatibility of independent variables to normal distribution was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Tamhane test was used for comparison between groups. The homogenity of variances was examined using the Levene test. Later, Tukey HSD tests were applied following one-way ANOVA to evaluate the groups among themselves. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on bacterial adhesion and to determine the relationship between them. Considering the results of our study, it was observed that the aging process increased the surface roughness. More bacterial contamination was observed in the samples with increased surface roughness. G-Cam was more affected by the aging process than nano-graphene reinforced PMMA PEEK. However, more in vitro and clinical studies are required before it can be used routinely.
Açıklama
Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Protetik Diş Tedavisi Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Diş Hekimliği, Dentistry
