Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda arkeologların casusluk faaliyetleri (1876-1918)
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Arkeolojinin temellerinin atıldığı XIX. yüzyılda Antik kaynaklarda, Eski ve Yeni Ahit'te ismi zikredilen yerleşim yerlerinin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun hâkim olduğu coğrafyada bulunması birçok arkeoloğu Osmanlı Devleti topraklarında arkeolojik kazı çalışmaları başlatmaya itmiştir. Aynı yüzyılda Sanayi Devrimi'nin bir sonucu olarak çıkar çatışması içerisine giren Avrupalı devletler ise arkeolojiyi, hammadde kaynaklarının aranması, Anadolu ve Mezopotamya gibi devlet otoritesinin zayıf olduğu bölgelerde nüfuz sahibi olma ve halkı Devlet-i Aliyye'ye karşı kışkırtmak için bir paravan olarak kullanmıştır. Napolyon'un Mısır Seferi'nden başlayarak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin çok yakın bir zamanda gerçekleştirdiği Irak işgali de dâhil olmak üzere arkeologlar sömürgenin bir kolu halini alan ve maddî kültür yağmasının sergilendiği müzelere eser kazandırmak için ordu içerisinde görev almışlardır. Fakat görevleri özellikle Birinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında müze ajanlığından saha ajanlığına dönüştüğü gözlemlenen arkeologlar, bu tezin çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu hususu aydınlatmak amacı ile Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri, Osmanlı Devleti'nde çalışmalar yürüten arkeologların anıları, mektupları, kaleme aldıkları makale ve kitapları incelenerek Osmanlı Devleti topraklarında arkeoloji paravanı ile yürütülen casusluk faaliyetleri ele alınmaktadır.
The foundations of arcaeology were laid in the XIX. Century. We learn from ancient sources, Old and New Testaments of the Ottoman Empire sovereign in the geographical area to start archaeological excavations in the land for settlements has pushed many archaeologists wonder. In the same century, European states, which were in conflict of interest as a result of the Industrial Revolution, used archaeology as a tool for searching for raw material sources. They used it as a front to have a say in regions where state authority was weak, such as Anatolia and Mesopotamia and to incite the people against the Ottoman Empire. Starting with Napoleon's Egyptian Expedition and including the recent invasion of Iraq by the USA, archaeologists have been working within the army to bring artifacts to museums that have become a branch of the colony and where material culture looting is exhibited. However, archaeologists, whose duties were observed to change from museum agent to field agent, especially during thr First World War, constitute the starting point of this thesis. In order to clarify this issue, in addition to the memories, letters, articles and books of archaeologists working in the Ottoman Empire, documents in the Ottoman archives are examined and espionage activities carried out with carried out with the archaeological cover in the territory of the Ottoman Empire are discussed.
The foundations of arcaeology were laid in the XIX. Century. We learn from ancient sources, Old and New Testaments of the Ottoman Empire sovereign in the geographical area to start archaeological excavations in the land for settlements has pushed many archaeologists wonder. In the same century, European states, which were in conflict of interest as a result of the Industrial Revolution, used archaeology as a tool for searching for raw material sources. They used it as a front to have a say in regions where state authority was weak, such as Anatolia and Mesopotamia and to incite the people against the Ottoman Empire. Starting with Napoleon's Egyptian Expedition and including the recent invasion of Iraq by the USA, archaeologists have been working within the army to bring artifacts to museums that have become a branch of the colony and where material culture looting is exhibited. However, archaeologists, whose duties were observed to change from museum agent to field agent, especially during thr First World War, constitute the starting point of this thesis. In order to clarify this issue, in addition to the memories, letters, articles and books of archaeologists working in the Ottoman Empire, documents in the Ottoman archives are examined and espionage activities carried out with carried out with the archaeological cover in the territory of the Ottoman Empire are discussed.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
