Hiperemezis gravidarumlu gebelerde ve sağlıklı gebelerde koku algısı değişimi
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Giriş ve Amaç: Erken gebelik döneminde daha fazla görülen gebelik bulantı ve kusması (GBK) yaygın görülen bir sorundur. GBK'nin şiddetli olan formuna hiperemezis gravidarum (HG) adı verilmektedir. Prevalansı %0,5-2 olan, nadir görülen bir durum olup ciddi sonuçlara yol açması nedeniyle önemli bir sorundur. Hastane yatışı gerektiren dehidratasyon, elektrolit ve metabolit imbalansı ile nutrisyonel kayıplara; Wernicke ensefalopatisi gibi önemli maternal, preterm doğum, büyüme geriliği gibi fetal morbiditelere neden olabilmektedir. Gebelikte koku algısında meydana gelen değişimin GBK'yi ve özellikle HG'yi tetiklediği uzun zamandır düşünülmektedir. Fakat bu konuda yapılmış kısıtlı sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. HG'li gebelerde koku algısının sağlıklı gebelere göre ne şekilde değiştiği, bu değişimin HG'yi tetikleyip tetiklemediği konusu değerlendirilmelidir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda HG'li ve sağlıklı gebelerde koku algısının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel, vaka kontrol çalışması, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu'ndan alınan 22/02/2023 tarihli ve 2023/02 sayılı etik kurul onayından sonra 01/03/2023 – 30/06/2023 tarihleri arasında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum gebe polikliniğine başvurmuş 30 HG tanılı ve 30 sağlıklı gebe ile yapıldı. Dahil edilme ve dışlanma kriterlerine uygun olan 18 yaş üzeri gebeler çalışmaya alındı. Koku tanımlama testleri iyi havalandırılan bir ortamda, Sniffin Sticks test kiti kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Sniffin Sticks test kitinde deri, nane, muz, kahve, tarçın, meyan kökü, gül, balık, karanfil, limon, portakal ve ananas olmak üzere 12 adet koku mevcuttu. Her kokuyu kokladıktan sonra hastalardan 4 seçenek içeren bir ankette doğru cevabı bulmaları istendi. Tüm cevaplar her iki burun deliği için bir skor elde etmek amacıyla kaydedildi. İstatistiksel analizler IBM, (New York, ABD) SPSS versiyon 26.0 paket programı kullanılarak yapıldı. Çalışmada yer alan istatistiksel analizlerde p değeri 0,05'in altında olan karşılaştırmalar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 30'u hiperemezis gravidarumlu, 30'u sağlıklı olan 60 gebe dahil edildi. Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 26,43±3,97 olarak bulundu. Gebelerin son adet tarihine (SAT) göre gebelik haftası 11+2 (min:6+0-maks:15+6) şeklindeydi. Toplam doğru sayısı HG grubunda sağlıklı gebe grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farkla yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). Sağlıklı gebe grubunda 2., 5., 6., 7. ve 10. sorulara verilen yanlış cevap sayıları HG grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farkla fazla bulundu (p<0,05). Sonuç: HG'li gebelerde koku algısı sağlıklı gebelere göre artmaktadır. Kokuların daha fazla algılanmasının gebelerde bulantı ve kusmayı tetikleyen bir faktör olduğu düşünülmüştür. Anahtar Sözcükler: Hiperemezis gravidarum, koku algısı, kusma
Objectives: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), which is common in early pregnancy, is a common problem. The severe form of NVP is called hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Although it is a rare condition with a prevalence of 0.5-2%, it is an important problem because it causes serious consequences. It can cause dehydration, electrolyte and metabolite imbalance and nutritional losses requiring hospitalization; significant maternal morbidities such as Wernicke encephalopathy and fetal morbidities such as preterm birth and growth retardation. It has long been thought that the change in smell perception during pregnancy triggers NVP and especially HG. However, there is a limited number of studies on this subject. It should be evaluated how the perception of smell in pregnant women with HG changes compared to healthy pregnant women and whether this change triggers HG. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the odor perception of pregnant women with HG and healthy pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted at Kırıkkale University between 01/03/2023 – 30/06/2023, after the ethics committee approval dated 22/02/2023 and numbered 2023/02 received from Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee. It was conducted with 30 pregnant women diagnosed with HG and 30 healthy pregnant women who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Pregnancy Polyclinic of the Faculty of Medicine Hospital. Pregnant women over the age of 18 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Odor identification tests were performed in a well-ventilated environment using the Sniffin Sticks test kit. The Sniffin Sticks test kit included 12 scents: leather, mint, banana, coffee, cinnamon, licorice, rose, fish, clove, lemon, orange and pineapple. After smelling each odor, patients were asked to find the correct answer in a survey containing 4 options. All responses were recorded to obtain a score for both nostrils. Statistical analyzes were performed using IBM, (New York, USA) SPSS version 26.0 package program. In the statistical analyzes in the study, comparisons with a p value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty pregnant women, 30 of whom were healthy and 30 with HG, were included in the study. The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.43±3.97 years. According to the last menstrual date (LMD) of the pregnant women, the gestational week was 11+2 (min: 6+0-max: 15+6). The total number of correct answers was found to be statistically significantly higher in the HG group than in the healthy pregnant group (p<0.05). The number of incorrect answers given to the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 10th questions in the healthy pregnant group was found to be more than the HG group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: The perception of smell is increased in pregnant women with HG compared to healthy pregnant women. It is thought that increased perception of odors is a factor that triggers nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.
Objectives: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), which is common in early pregnancy, is a common problem. The severe form of NVP is called hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Although it is a rare condition with a prevalence of 0.5-2%, it is an important problem because it causes serious consequences. It can cause dehydration, electrolyte and metabolite imbalance and nutritional losses requiring hospitalization; significant maternal morbidities such as Wernicke encephalopathy and fetal morbidities such as preterm birth and growth retardation. It has long been thought that the change in smell perception during pregnancy triggers NVP and especially HG. However, there is a limited number of studies on this subject. It should be evaluated how the perception of smell in pregnant women with HG changes compared to healthy pregnant women and whether this change triggers HG. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the odor perception of pregnant women with HG and healthy pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted at Kırıkkale University between 01/03/2023 – 30/06/2023, after the ethics committee approval dated 22/02/2023 and numbered 2023/02 received from Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee. It was conducted with 30 pregnant women diagnosed with HG and 30 healthy pregnant women who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Pregnancy Polyclinic of the Faculty of Medicine Hospital. Pregnant women over the age of 18 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Odor identification tests were performed in a well-ventilated environment using the Sniffin Sticks test kit. The Sniffin Sticks test kit included 12 scents: leather, mint, banana, coffee, cinnamon, licorice, rose, fish, clove, lemon, orange and pineapple. After smelling each odor, patients were asked to find the correct answer in a survey containing 4 options. All responses were recorded to obtain a score for both nostrils. Statistical analyzes were performed using IBM, (New York, USA) SPSS version 26.0 package program. In the statistical analyzes in the study, comparisons with a p value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty pregnant women, 30 of whom were healthy and 30 with HG, were included in the study. The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.43±3.97 years. According to the last menstrual date (LMD) of the pregnant women, the gestational week was 11+2 (min: 6+0-max: 15+6). The total number of correct answers was found to be statistically significantly higher in the HG group than in the healthy pregnant group (p<0.05). The number of incorrect answers given to the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 10th questions in the healthy pregnant group was found to be more than the HG group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: The perception of smell is increased in pregnant women with HG compared to healthy pregnant women. It is thought that increased perception of odors is a factor that triggers nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.
Açıklama
Tıp Fakültesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum, Obstetrics and Gynecology
