Arthur Schopenhauer'da insanın özgürlüğü problemi
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Date
2017
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Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Arthur Schopenhauer'in özgürlük düşüncesi ve insanın özgürlüğünü ne şekilde gerçekleştirebileceği konusu üzerinde kapsamlı bir şekilde inceleme yapılmış, özgürlük probleminin en iyi şekilde ifade edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Arthur Schopenhauer felsefesinde "istenç" ve buna paralel olarak "özgürlük" kavramları oldukça önemlidir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda, Aydınlanma felsefesi geleneği içerisinde yer alan Immanuel Kant ve Johann Gottlieb Fichte ile Hint düşünce geleneğinin yapı taşları olan Upanishadlar düşünsel olarak etkileşim içerisinde ele alınmış, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel felsefesi ise düşünsel karşıtı olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Arthur Schopenhauer için, özgürlük düşüncesine yeni boyutlar kazandırmak ve bireyi özgür olarak ortaya koymak bir amaçtır. İnsanın, kendisini özgür biçimde gerçekleştirmesi ve bu anlamda en yüce seviyede gelişimini tamamlaması daimi bir hedeftir. Schopenhauer açısından özgürlük ve birey ayrılmaz bir bütün halindedir. İsteme özgür bir eylemdir ama yaşamı isteme, temelde acı ve kötülükten başka bir şey olmayan bireyin yaşamıdır. İnsan, yaşamın reddiyle mutluluğa gitmeye adım atarak, özgürlüğü elde edebilmektedir. Arthur Schopenhauer açısından insanın özgürlüğü elde etmesi ve onu tam olarak ortaya koyması, "deha" insanı olmayla gerçekleşebilir. Deha insanı olmak istemeyi emrine almak, en yüce özgürlüğe sahip olmak ve eksiksiz olmakla eşdeğerdir. Netice olarak Schopenhauer bağlamında kişinin özgürleşmesi, nihai anlamda yaşamı istemenin reddedilmesi ve istemenin bilgi himayesinde olması yani deha insanı olma hamlesiyle gerçekleşebilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Arthur Schopenhauer, İsteme, İstenç, Tasarım, İrade, Etik, Merhamet, Özgürlük, Deha.
In this study, a comprehensive study was carried out on Arthur Schopenhauer's idea of freedom and the way in which human freedom can be achieved, and it is aimed to express the problem of freedom in the best way. In Arthur Schopenhauer 's philosophy, the terms "will" and in parallel "freedom" are very important. In this context, Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottlieb Fichte in the tradition of Enlightenment philosophy, Upanishads the building blocks of the Indian thought tradition,were treated in an intellectual interaction while Geory Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel philosophy was opposed as an intellectual opponent. For Arthur Schopenhauer, it is an aim to bring new dimensions to freedom in mind and to put the individual free. It is a perpetual goal that a person performs himself freely and completes his development in the highest level in this sense. In terms of Schopenhauer freedom and the individual are inseparable. Desire is a free act, but life is the life of an individual who is basically nothing but suffering and evil. Human beings can gain freedom by stepping into happiness with the denial of life . In terms of Arthur Schopenhauer, it is possible for man to acquire his freedom and manifest it fully, by being a "genius" person. To get emrine to be a genius man is a equivalent to having the highest freedom and being complete. Consequently, in the context of Schopenhauer, one's emancipation can be realized by the rejection of the wish of life in the ultimate sense, and by desire to be a genius person that the wish is in the knowledge prosperity . Keywords: Arthur Schopenhauer, Desire, Will, Imagination, Volition, Ethic, Compasion, Freedom, Genius.
In this study, a comprehensive study was carried out on Arthur Schopenhauer's idea of freedom and the way in which human freedom can be achieved, and it is aimed to express the problem of freedom in the best way. In Arthur Schopenhauer 's philosophy, the terms "will" and in parallel "freedom" are very important. In this context, Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottlieb Fichte in the tradition of Enlightenment philosophy, Upanishads the building blocks of the Indian thought tradition,were treated in an intellectual interaction while Geory Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel philosophy was opposed as an intellectual opponent. For Arthur Schopenhauer, it is an aim to bring new dimensions to freedom in mind and to put the individual free. It is a perpetual goal that a person performs himself freely and completes his development in the highest level in this sense. In terms of Schopenhauer freedom and the individual are inseparable. Desire is a free act, but life is the life of an individual who is basically nothing but suffering and evil. Human beings can gain freedom by stepping into happiness with the denial of life . In terms of Arthur Schopenhauer, it is possible for man to acquire his freedom and manifest it fully, by being a "genius" person. To get emrine to be a genius man is a equivalent to having the highest freedom and being complete. Consequently, in the context of Schopenhauer, one's emancipation can be realized by the rejection of the wish of life in the ultimate sense, and by desire to be a genius person that the wish is in the knowledge prosperity . Keywords: Arthur Schopenhauer, Desire, Will, Imagination, Volition, Ethic, Compasion, Freedom, Genius.
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Felsefe, Philosophy, Azı dişleri, , , , , ,
