9 Mart 1971 darbe teşebbüsü
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, 9 Mart 1971 darbe teşebbüsü ve bu teşebbüsün ardındaki ideolojik altyapı incelenmektedir. 1960 darbesi Demokrat Parti'nin otoriterleştiğini ileri süren düşük rütbeli subaylar tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Darbe sonrası kurulan yeni rejimde askerî vesayet, Millî Güvenlik Kurulu aracılığıyla siyasete dâhil edilmiştir. 1960'ların ilk yarısında Talat Aydemir'in öncülüğünde iki başarısız darbe girişimi gerçekleşmiş, ancak ordudaki cuntacılık faaliyetleri devam etmiştir. 1960'lı yıllardaki seçimlerde Demokrat Parti'nin haleflerinin başarı göstermesi, sol aydınların parlamenter demokrasiyi sorgulamalarına ve orduyu müdahaleye çağırmalarına neden olmuştur. Bu dönemde Doğan Avcıoğlu ve Emekli Korgeneral Cemal Madanoğlu'nun öncülüğündeki Yön-Devrim çevresi, kalıcı bir sosyalist tek partili rejim kurma hedefiyle cunta kurmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Yön hareketine dair detaylı inceleme, bu dönemde yayımlanan dergilerdeki makaleler, yazılar ve bildiriler gibi birincil kaynakların sistematik analizi ile yapılmıştır. İçerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak Yön dergisinin ideolojik temelleri, Kemalizm, demokrasi, sosyalizm, milliyetçilik, kalkınma, siyasi partiler, ordu-siyaset ilişkisi ve Üçüncü Dünya'daki askerî sosyalist rejim örnekleri gibi konular hakkındaki görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından, Yön-Devrim çevresinin temas kurduğu Madanoğlu cuntasının sivil ve askerî personel içinde teşkilatlanması ve cunta faaliyetlerinde iki kuvvet komutanı Faruk Gürler ve Muhsin Batur'un rolleri incelenmiştir. Sivil-asker karışımı bir cunta tarafından planlanmış ve azmettirici tarafı siviller olan ve kalıcı bir askerî rejim ve sosyalist tek parti diktatörlüğü öngören 9 Mart 1971 darbe teşebbüsü, ideolojik altyapısı güçlü ve radikal bir kalkışma olarak tarihimizdeki diğer askerî darbelerden ayrışmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, 9 Mart 1971 darbe teşebbüsünde giden süreç incelendiğinde, 1965-1971 döneminde barışçıl sol hareketlerin yerini darbe ve silahlı mücadele yanlısı grupların aldığı, bu süreçte sol hareketlerin demokratik süreçleri ve parlamenter yöntemleri değersizleştirerek Türkiye demokrasisine zarar verdiği görülmektedir.
This study examines the March 9, 1971 coup attempt and the ideological foundations behind it. The 1960 coup was carried out by junior officers who claimed that the Democratic Party had become authoritarian. In the new regime established after the coup, military tutelage was included in politics through the National Security Council. In the early 1960s, there were two unsuccessful coup attempts led by Talat Aydemir, but the junta activities within the military continued. The success of the Democratic Party's successors in the elections of the 1960s led leftist intellectuals to question parliamentary democracy and call for military intervention. During this period, the Yön-Devrim movement, led by Doğan Avcıoğlu and Retired Lieutenant General Cemal Madanoğlu, aimed to establish a permanent socialist one-party regime through a junta. This study provides a detailed examination of the Yön movement through a systematic analysis of primary sources such as articles, writings, and manifestos published in journals of the period. Using content analysis, the ideological foundations of Yön magazine, its views on Kemalism, democracy, socialism, nationalism, development, political parties, civil-military relations, and examples of military socialist regimes in the Third World were evaluated. Subsequently, the organization of the Madanoğlu junta within civilian and military personnel with whom the Yön-Devrim movement had contact, and the roles of two force commanders, Faruk Gürler and Muhsin Batur, in the junta activities were examined. The March 9, 1971 coup attempt, planned by a civilian-military mixed junta and incited by civilians, envisioned a permanent military regime and socialist one-party dictatorship. It stands out from other military coups in our history with its strong ideological foundation and radical nature. In conclusion, an examination of the process leading to the March 9, 1971 coup attempt reveals that between 1965 and 1971, peaceful leftist movements were replaced by groups advocating coups and armed struggle, devaluing democratic processes and parliamentary methods, thereby harming Turkish democracy.
This study examines the March 9, 1971 coup attempt and the ideological foundations behind it. The 1960 coup was carried out by junior officers who claimed that the Democratic Party had become authoritarian. In the new regime established after the coup, military tutelage was included in politics through the National Security Council. In the early 1960s, there were two unsuccessful coup attempts led by Talat Aydemir, but the junta activities within the military continued. The success of the Democratic Party's successors in the elections of the 1960s led leftist intellectuals to question parliamentary democracy and call for military intervention. During this period, the Yön-Devrim movement, led by Doğan Avcıoğlu and Retired Lieutenant General Cemal Madanoğlu, aimed to establish a permanent socialist one-party regime through a junta. This study provides a detailed examination of the Yön movement through a systematic analysis of primary sources such as articles, writings, and manifestos published in journals of the period. Using content analysis, the ideological foundations of Yön magazine, its views on Kemalism, democracy, socialism, nationalism, development, political parties, civil-military relations, and examples of military socialist regimes in the Third World were evaluated. Subsequently, the organization of the Madanoğlu junta within civilian and military personnel with whom the Yön-Devrim movement had contact, and the roles of two force commanders, Faruk Gürler and Muhsin Batur, in the junta activities were examined. The March 9, 1971 coup attempt, planned by a civilian-military mixed junta and incited by civilians, envisioned a permanent military regime and socialist one-party dictatorship. It stands out from other military coups in our history with its strong ideological foundation and radical nature. In conclusion, an examination of the process leading to the March 9, 1971 coup attempt reveals that between 1965 and 1971, peaceful leftist movements were replaced by groups advocating coups and armed struggle, devaluing democratic processes and parliamentary methods, thereby harming Turkish democracy.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
