The effect of saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic on the nutrient degradability of some commonly feedstuffs used in Turkey
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Tarih
2022
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, probiyotik olarak Saccharomyces cerevisiae'nin ruminant beslemede yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı enerji (mısır, arpa ve buğday) ve protein (Pamuk tohumu küspesi, ayçiçeği küspesi ve soya küspesi) kaynağı yemlerin in situ ruminal KM, OM, HP ve nişasta parçalanabilirlik değerleri üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışmada, hayvan beslemede yaygın olarak kullanılan 6 farklı yem maddesinin kuru madde, organik madde, ham protein ve nişastasının in situ yıkılım kinetiği ve fraksiyonları belirlenmiştir. Arpa, buğday, mısır, ayçiçeği tohumu küspesi, pamuk tohumu küspesi ve soya küspesi, bölgedeki yem fabrikalarından temin edilmiş ve denemede yem materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Denemede yaklaşık 3 yaşında üç rumen kanüllü Bafra koyunu kullanılmıştır. Deneme süresince koyunlar kaba yem olarak yulaf ve yeşil çayır otu, konsantre yem olarak ayçiçeği küspesi ve arpa karışımı ile beslenmiştir. Deneme, iki periyotlu carry over deneme deseni olarak tasarlanmıştır. Denemenin ilk periyodunda üç koyunun tamamı probiyotik içermeyen kaba yem ve konsantre yem ile beslenmiştir. İkinci periyotta ise ilk periyotta kullanılan yemlere ek olarak sabah yemlemesinde her koyunun rumenine günlük 1 gr maya (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) konuldu. Deneyin her periyodu 30 gün, 10 günlük adaptasyon periyodu ve 20 günlük numune inkübasyonundan (örnekleme periyotları) oluşmuştur. Yemler 2 mm elekten geçecek şekilde öğütüldükten sonra, numuneler Dakron torbalara (torba başına yaklaşık 3.5 g) konuldu ve ardından her yem örneği her her bir inkubasyon saati için 3 adet koyunun rumeninde 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 ve 48 saat süreyle iki tekerrür olarak inkübe edildi. Yem örnekleri ve belirlenen inkübasyon sürelerinden sonra torbalarda kalan kalıntılar, kuru madde (KM), kül, ham protein (HP) ve nişasta için analiz edildi. KM, organik madde (OM), CP ve nişastanın yıkılım kinetikleri ve fraksiyonları hesaplandı. Tüm inkubasyon dönemi boyunca, yem maddelerinin KM, OM, HP, nişasta parçalanabilirlikleri ve fraksiyonları önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterdi (P<0.01) ve rumen KM, OM, HP ve nişasta için tüm inkubasyon saatlerinde yem*prebiyotik etkileşimi gözlemlendi (P<0.04). 48 saatlik inkübasyon dışında KM, OM, HP parçalanabilirlikleri diyete probiyotik ilavesinden etkilenirken, nişasta parçalanabilirlikleri tüm inkübasyon saatlerinde diyete probiyotik ilavesinden etkilenmiştir. Yem maddelerinin potansiyel yıkımlanabilir nişasta fraksiyonları genel olarak probiyotik kullanımına bağlı olarak artarken, yıkımlanmayan fraksiyonlarının önemli ölçüde azaldığı gözlendi (P<001). Yıkımlanmayan fraksiyonları probiyotikli ve probiyotiksiz arpa, buğday, mısır, ayçiçeği küspesi, pamuk tohumu küspesi ve soya küspesi için sırasıyla 4.67, 1.21, 2.77, 0.73, 4.55, 1.96, 16.99, 3.72, 17.64, 6.51, 1.20 ve %0.37 idi. Denemede probiyotik olarak kullanılan Saccharomyces cerevisiae'nin mısır hariç tüm yemlerin 12 saatlik inkübasyon süresi içerisinde ruminal KM, OM, HP parçalanabilirlikleri önemli ölçüde arttırdığı kanısına varılmıştır. Diyete Saccharomyces cerevisiae ilavesinin nişastaca zengin tahıl taneleri ve soya fasulyesi küspesinde nişasta parçalanma değerlerini arttırdığı ve özellikle suda çözünür ve parçalanamayan nişasta fraksiyonlarını azaltarak ve potansiyel olarak parçalanabilen nişasta fraksiyonunu artırarak nişasta fraksiyonlarını etkilediği gözlendi. Bu durum, diyete Saccharomyces cerevisiae eklenmesinin, yemdeki besin maddelerini rumende daha etkin bir şekilde kullanarak hayvanın bu yemlerden daha iyi faydalanmasını sağlayabileceğini göstermiştir.
The objective of this study was to evaluated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic on in situ ruminal DM, OM, CP and starch degradability values in some energy (corn, barley and wheat) and protein (Cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and soybean meal) sources commonly used in ruminant nutrition. In this study, the in situ degradation kinetics and fractions of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and starch of 6 different feedstuffs commonly used in animal nutrition were determined. The feedstuffs namely barley, wheat, corn, sunflower seed meal, cottonseed meal and soybean meal were obtained from the feed milling factories in the region and were utilized as feed materials in the experiment. Three ruminally cannulated Bafra sheep aged approximately 3 year-olds were used in the experiment. During the experiment, sheep were fed with oat and green meadow grass as roughage and mixtures of sunflower meal and barley as concentrated feed. The experiment were designed as carry over experimental design with two periods. In the first period of experiment, all of three sheep were fed with forage and concentrated feed without 1 g yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a probiotic. In the second period, in addition to feed used in the first period, 1 g yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was daily put into the rumen of each sheep in the morning feeding. Each period of the experiment were consisted of 30 days, 10 days of adaptation periods and 20 days incubation of samples (sampling periods). After the feedstuffs were ground to pass 2 mm screen, samples were put into Dacron bags (approximately 3.5 g per bag) and then incubated for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h in the rumen of 3 sheep for each period in duplicate. These samples and residues remained in the bags after given incubation times were analyzed for dry matter (DM) ash, crude protein (CP), and starch. Degradation kinetics and fractions of DM, OM, CP and starch were calculated. During the entire incubation period, the DM, OM, CP, ad starch degradabilities and fractionsof the feedstuffs significantly differed (P<0.01), and the feed*prebiotic interaction was observed for all incubation hours for the ruminal DM, OM, CP and starch degradabilities (P<0.04). While the DM, OM and CP degradabilities, except 48-hour incubation, were affected by probiotic supplementation of diet, starch degradabilities were affected by probiotic supplementation of diet at all incubation hours. While the PD starch fractions of the feedstuffs generally increased due to the use of probiotics, it was observed that the ND fractions significantly decreased (P<001). ND fractions were 4.67, 1.21, 2.77, 0.73, 4.55, 1.96, 16.99, 3.72, 17.64, 6.51, 1.20 and 0.37% for barley, wheat, corn, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal and soybean meal with and without probiotic, respectively. It can be concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was used as a probiotic in the experiment, significantly increased the ruminal DM, OM, CP degradations within the 12-hour incubation period of all feeds, except corn. It was observed that the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into diet increased the starch degradation values in the starch-rich cereal grains and soybean meal and affected starch fractions, especially by decreasing the water soluble and non-degradable starch fractions and increasing the potentially degradable starch fraction. This has shown that adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the diet may allow the animal to benefit from these feeds better by utilizing the nutrients in the feed more effectively in the rumen.
The objective of this study was to evaluated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic on in situ ruminal DM, OM, CP and starch degradability values in some energy (corn, barley and wheat) and protein (Cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and soybean meal) sources commonly used in ruminant nutrition. In this study, the in situ degradation kinetics and fractions of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and starch of 6 different feedstuffs commonly used in animal nutrition were determined. The feedstuffs namely barley, wheat, corn, sunflower seed meal, cottonseed meal and soybean meal were obtained from the feed milling factories in the region and were utilized as feed materials in the experiment. Three ruminally cannulated Bafra sheep aged approximately 3 year-olds were used in the experiment. During the experiment, sheep were fed with oat and green meadow grass as roughage and mixtures of sunflower meal and barley as concentrated feed. The experiment were designed as carry over experimental design with two periods. In the first period of experiment, all of three sheep were fed with forage and concentrated feed without 1 g yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a probiotic. In the second period, in addition to feed used in the first period, 1 g yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was daily put into the rumen of each sheep in the morning feeding. Each period of the experiment were consisted of 30 days, 10 days of adaptation periods and 20 days incubation of samples (sampling periods). After the feedstuffs were ground to pass 2 mm screen, samples were put into Dacron bags (approximately 3.5 g per bag) and then incubated for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h in the rumen of 3 sheep for each period in duplicate. These samples and residues remained in the bags after given incubation times were analyzed for dry matter (DM) ash, crude protein (CP), and starch. Degradation kinetics and fractions of DM, OM, CP and starch were calculated. During the entire incubation period, the DM, OM, CP, ad starch degradabilities and fractionsof the feedstuffs significantly differed (P<0.01), and the feed*prebiotic interaction was observed for all incubation hours for the ruminal DM, OM, CP and starch degradabilities (P<0.04). While the DM, OM and CP degradabilities, except 48-hour incubation, were affected by probiotic supplementation of diet, starch degradabilities were affected by probiotic supplementation of diet at all incubation hours. While the PD starch fractions of the feedstuffs generally increased due to the use of probiotics, it was observed that the ND fractions significantly decreased (P<001). ND fractions were 4.67, 1.21, 2.77, 0.73, 4.55, 1.96, 16.99, 3.72, 17.64, 6.51, 1.20 and 0.37% for barley, wheat, corn, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal and soybean meal with and without probiotic, respectively. It can be concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was used as a probiotic in the experiment, significantly increased the ruminal DM, OM, CP degradations within the 12-hour incubation period of all feeds, except corn. It was observed that the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into diet increased the starch degradation values in the starch-rich cereal grains and soybean meal and affected starch fractions, especially by decreasing the water soluble and non-degradable starch fractions and increasing the potentially degradable starch fraction. This has shown that adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the diet may allow the animal to benefit from these feeds better by utilizing the nutrients in the feed more effectively in the rumen.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Veteriner Hekimliği, Veterinary Medicine
