İttihat ve Terakki'nin feshinden sonra ittihatçılık: 1918-1926
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Tarih
2016
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Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın konusu, Osmanlı Devleti'nin son demlerinde ortaya çıkan, iktidarı ele geçiren ve kendini feshettikten sonra Millî Mücadele kadrolarında yer alan İttihat ve Terakki'dir. İttihat ve Terakki, sadece siyasî bir organizasyonu değil, aynı zamanda siyasî bir yönelimi ve tavrı da temsil etmektedir. Ziya Gökalp'in tarifiyle; "İttihat ve Terakki, Türk Milleti'nin ruhundan kopmuş bir mefkûre hamlesidir." Çalışmamızın ana argümanı, İttihat ve Terakki unsurlarının Millî Mücadele'nin temel taşlarından biri olduğu iddiasıdır. Bu kapsamda ikinci bölümde, Millî Mücadele dönemindeki İttihat ve Terakki unsurlarının etkinliği incelenmiştir. 1918'de feshedildikten sonra İttihat ve Terakki unsurlarının, Millî Mücadele'nin örgütlenmesini, sevk ve idaresini yöneten teşkilâtlandırıcı bir rolü vardır. Karakol Cemiyeti'nin teşekkülü ve devamı niteliğindeki gizli örgütlenmeler, bu iddianın temel referans noktasıdır. İttihatçılar'ın kurduğu gizli teşkilâtlar, Ankara merkezli direniş hareketine lojistik ve istihbarat hizmeti vermiştir. Modern anlamda Türk İstihbarat Teşkilâtı'nın da ilk nüvesini oluşturan bu örgütlenmeler, İstanbul'dan Anadolu'ya personel ve cephane kaçırarak, Türk Tarihi'nin seyrini değiştirmeyi başarmıştır. İttihat ve Terakki, 1918'de kendini her ne kadar da feshetmiş ise de sabık mensupları hayattadır. Cumhuriyet'in ilân edilmesinden sonra, Millî Mücadele'de önemli roller üstlenmiş İttihat ve Terakki unsurları, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası'nı 1924'te kurmuşlardır. Çalışmamızın üçüncü bölümünde, zaferden sonra kurulan Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası'nın siyasal yaşamı ile İzmir Suikastı tertibi irdelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte çalışmamız, siyasî yargılamalarıyla dikkatleri üzerine çeken Ankara İstiklâl Mahkemesi'nin yargılama metoduna dair değerlendirmeleri de kapsamaktadır.
Main argument of this study is Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) which emerged in the last phase of Ottoman Empire, took power of the government and participated in National Struggle after its dissolution. CUP is not only a political organisation but also represents a political orientation and a political position. As Ziya Gökalp states; "Committee of Union and Progress is a movement of ideal coming from the soul of Turkish Nation." In the second section of our study, the efficiency of the members of CUP during National Struggle is reviewed. After the dissolution in 1918, CUP members had an organizational role in institution, management and administration of the National Struggle. Forming of the Police Station Association and the further secret organizations are the main reference point of this argument. The secret organizations formed by unionist the members of provided logistic and intelligence services to the resistance movement based in Ankara. These organizations, which were the core of the modern Turkish Intelligence Association, achieved to influence the course of events in Turkish history by transferring personnel and ammunition from İstanbul to Anatolia. Even though it looks like CUP dissolved itself in 1918, its former members were still alive. After the proclamation of the Republic, the members of CUP who had critical roles in National Struggle founded Progressive Republican Party (PRP), which was the first organized opposition party in 1924. In the third section of our study, political life of PRP and İzmir Assassination attempt are studied. Besides, our study contains reviews regarding to the proceeding methods of Ankara Liberty Court, which was conspicuous by its political trials.
Main argument of this study is Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) which emerged in the last phase of Ottoman Empire, took power of the government and participated in National Struggle after its dissolution. CUP is not only a political organisation but also represents a political orientation and a political position. As Ziya Gökalp states; "Committee of Union and Progress is a movement of ideal coming from the soul of Turkish Nation." In the second section of our study, the efficiency of the members of CUP during National Struggle is reviewed. After the dissolution in 1918, CUP members had an organizational role in institution, management and administration of the National Struggle. Forming of the Police Station Association and the further secret organizations are the main reference point of this argument. The secret organizations formed by unionist the members of provided logistic and intelligence services to the resistance movement based in Ankara. These organizations, which were the core of the modern Turkish Intelligence Association, achieved to influence the course of events in Turkish history by transferring personnel and ammunition from İstanbul to Anatolia. Even though it looks like CUP dissolved itself in 1918, its former members were still alive. After the proclamation of the Republic, the members of CUP who had critical roles in National Struggle founded Progressive Republican Party (PRP), which was the first organized opposition party in 1924. In the third section of our study, political life of PRP and İzmir Assassination attempt are studied. Besides, our study contains reviews regarding to the proceeding methods of Ankara Liberty Court, which was conspicuous by its political trials.
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Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science, , , , , ,
