Macar mülteciler sorunu
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
XIX. Yüzyıl Avrupa'da ihtilaller asrı olarak kendisini gösterir. 1848-1849 Macar ihtilali de bu ortamdan etkilenerek bulunulan coğrafyada yönetim değişikliği amacıyla ortaya çıktı. Macarlar Avusturya ile yaptıkları askeri mücadeleyi Rusya'nın da müdahalesi ile kaybettiler. Bu yenilginin ardından Macar ordusunun büyük kısmı kıyıma maruz kalırken devlet yöneticileri ve generaller savaş sonunda görevlerinden istifa ederek güvenli buldukları devletlere iltica edeceklerdir. Bu çalışma hem bu iltica faaliyetini ayrıntıları ile ele almakta hem de o dönem oluşan siyasi ortamı anlatmaktadır. Mülteciler meselesi adıyla karşımıza çıkacak olan bu konu Macar ihtilalcilerin mağlubiyetten sonra Osmanlı Devleti'ne iltica etmek istemeleri ve Bab-ı Ali'nin de bunu kabul etmesiyle başlamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti'nin mültecileri himaye etmesi Avusturya ve Rusya ile arasında siyasi aksamaların olmasına ve ilişkilerin gerilmesine neden olacaktı. İki devlet de ilticacıların iadesini içeren notalarla Osmanlı Devleti'ne isteklerini kabul ettirmeye çalışmışlardır. Osmanlı Devleti bu devletlerin saldırgan tutumlarına boyun eğmeyerek iadeyi kabul etmedi. Bab-ı Ali söz konusu devletler ile arasındaki ilişkilerin diplomatik olarak kesilmesine izin vermeyerek konuyu en makul şekilde çözme yoluna gitti. Avrupa devletlerinin Osmanlı Devleti'ne destek olması ile Bab-ı Ali bu konudaki sarsılmaz duruşu ve diplomatik dehasıyla mülteciler meselesini çözmeyi başaracaktır. Bunun için dönemin önemli devlet adamlarından biri olan dönemin Divan-ı Hümayun Amedisi (başkatibi) Fuat Efendi St. Petersburg'a gönderilerek Çar ile bizzat görüşmüştür. Aynı tarihlerde Viyana Elçisi Kostaki Musurus Paşa Avusturya ile mülteci sorununu görüşerek Osmanlı Devleti lehine çözülmesini sağlamıştır. İngiltere ve Fransa'nın açık desteği ve Osmanlı devletinin mülteciler konusuna bakışının hassasiyeti sorunun çözümünü hızlandırmıştır. Mülteciler konusu Osmanlı Devleti'nin bu yüzyıldaki en önemli siyasi başarılarından biridir. Osmanlı'nın Avrupa'ya karşı izlediği denge siyasetinin zirve noktasını temsil eder. Anahtar kelime: askeri ve politik, mülteci, yardım, Macar, ihtilal…
The XIX Century shows itself as a revolution in Europe. The Hungarian Revolutioan of 1848-1849 was influenced by this environment and appeared in the geographical area in order to change the management. The Hugarians lost their military struggle with Austria through the intervention of Russia. After this defeat, when most of the Hungarian army was subjected to slaughter, state administrators and generals would resignfrom their missons at the andof the war and seek refuge in the states they found safe. This study not only deals with this refuge activities in detail but also explainsthe political environment that emerged at taht time. This issue, wich will be challenged in the name of the refugees issue, is that the Hungarian revolutionaries want to seek refuge in the Ottoman State after their defeat and It began when Babıali also accept this. The patronage of the Ottoman State of the refugees would lead to political disruptions and tensions between Austria and Russia. Both states have tried to force the Ottoman State to accept the refugees demands with diplomatic notes the Ottoman State did not submit to the aggressive attitudes of these states. Babıali went on the path of resolving the issue in teh most reasonable way, not allowing diplomatic interdependence with the states. With the support of the Ottoman State by the European states Babıali would succeed in the solving the issue of refugees with his unshakable position and diplomatic genuis in this issue. For this reason, on of the mostimportant statesmen of the period was the Divan-ı Hümayun Amedisi (chief) Fuat Efendi was sent to St. Petersburg to personally meet with Tsar. At the same time, the Vienna Ambassador Kostaki Musurus Pasha discussed the issue of refugees with Austria and ensured that it was resolveldin favor of the Ottoman State. The open support of England and France, and the sensivitiy of the Ottoman State to the issue of refugees, accelerated the solution of the problem. The issue of refugees is on of the most important political achievements of the Ottoman State in this century. It represents the peak of the balance politics that the Ottoman Empire is following towards Europe. Keyword: millitary and political, refuggee, aid, Hungarian, revolution…
The XIX Century shows itself as a revolution in Europe. The Hungarian Revolutioan of 1848-1849 was influenced by this environment and appeared in the geographical area in order to change the management. The Hugarians lost their military struggle with Austria through the intervention of Russia. After this defeat, when most of the Hungarian army was subjected to slaughter, state administrators and generals would resignfrom their missons at the andof the war and seek refuge in the states they found safe. This study not only deals with this refuge activities in detail but also explainsthe political environment that emerged at taht time. This issue, wich will be challenged in the name of the refugees issue, is that the Hungarian revolutionaries want to seek refuge in the Ottoman State after their defeat and It began when Babıali also accept this. The patronage of the Ottoman State of the refugees would lead to political disruptions and tensions between Austria and Russia. Both states have tried to force the Ottoman State to accept the refugees demands with diplomatic notes the Ottoman State did not submit to the aggressive attitudes of these states. Babıali went on the path of resolving the issue in teh most reasonable way, not allowing diplomatic interdependence with the states. With the support of the Ottoman State by the European states Babıali would succeed in the solving the issue of refugees with his unshakable position and diplomatic genuis in this issue. For this reason, on of the mostimportant statesmen of the period was the Divan-ı Hümayun Amedisi (chief) Fuat Efendi was sent to St. Petersburg to personally meet with Tsar. At the same time, the Vienna Ambassador Kostaki Musurus Pasha discussed the issue of refugees with Austria and ensured that it was resolveldin favor of the Ottoman State. The open support of England and France, and the sensivitiy of the Ottoman State to the issue of refugees, accelerated the solution of the problem. The issue of refugees is on of the most important political achievements of the Ottoman State in this century. It represents the peak of the balance politics that the Ottoman Empire is following towards Europe. Keyword: millitary and political, refuggee, aid, Hungarian, revolution…
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Tarih, History
