Doğal gaz kombine çevrim santrallarında personel çizelgeleme problemi için karar destek modeli önerisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Doğal gaz kombine çevrim santralları, doğal gaz kullanarak elektrik üreten santrallardır. Bu santrallar; verimli, düşük sermaye ile kısa sürede kurulabilen, ekonomik, çevre dostu, güvenilir ve sürekli üretim yapan santrallar olması sebebiyle Türkiye'nin elektrik ihtiyacının karşılanmasında hayati öneme sahiptir. 2019 yılı eylül ayı sonu verilerine göre Türkiye'nin elektrik ihtiyacının %28,78'i doğal gaz kombine çevrim santrallarından karşılanmaktadır. Elektrik üretiminde rol oynayan santral personelinin; süreç izleme, bakım, onarım, acil durum müdahale vb. şeklinde görevleri bulunmaktadır. Bu görevler karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Personelin uzmanlığının, yeteneğinin ve işgücünün yoğun olarak üretim sürecine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Doğal gaz kombine çevrim santrallarında personel çizelgeleme çalışması yaparken personelin yeteneğini dikkate alan çalışma sayısı da oldukça kısıtlıdır. Sürdürülebilir enerji arzı konusu (kesintisiz, ekonomik, çevre dostu ve verimli) ön plana çıktığında; elektrik üretiminin, işçiliğin, malzemelerin ve bakım işlemlerinin kontrol edilmesi, enerji santrallarında vazgeçilmez bir gerekliliktir. Santralların işletme kurallarına uygun olarak işletilmesi, iş dağılımının dengelenmesi, çalışan performansının en üst düzeye çıkarılması, uygun personelin uygun işe atanması gibi işler, yönetilmesi gereken zor süreçlerdir. Personel çizelgelerinin yanlış oluşturulması nedeniyle üretimin durması, doğal gaz kombine çevrim santralları için büyük bir sorundur. Bu durum sürdürülebilir enerji arzını sekteye uğratmaktadır. Türkiye'nin elektrik ihtiyacının büyük bölümünü karşılayan bu santralların verimli ve kesintisiz çalışması için personel kaynağının etkin kullanılması önemli bir konudur. Bununla birlikte, doğal gaz kombine çevrim santrallarında üretim miktarları mevsimlere göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Atmosferik sıcaklık, doğal gaz kombine çevrim santrallarının termal verimliliğini etkileyen önemli bir parametredir. Başka bir deyişle, doğal gaz kombine çevrim santralların ısıl verimi, atmosferik sıcaklık arttıkça düşer. Bu nedenle, santrallar özellikle kış ve sonbaharda en yoğun ve verimli çalışırlar. Türkiye'deki doğal gaz kombine çevrim santrallarının on yıllık elektrik üretim yüzdelerine bakıldığında ortalama oranların yaz aylarında %14,59, sonbahar aylarında %21,41, kış aylarında %28,89 ve ilkbahar aylarında %24,82 olduğu görülmektedir. Elektrik üretimi dönemlere göre değişiklik gösterdiğinden personel ihtiyacı da dönemlere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Personel ihtiyacının az olduğu dönemlerde fazladan personel görevlendirmek maliyetler açısından olumsuz etki yaratmaktadır. Bu durumda mevsimlere göre farklı personel çizelgeleri hazırlanması gerekmektedir. Literatürde hem personel maliyetini hem de mevsimlere göre personel değişimini dikkate alan personel çizelgeleme çalışmasına rastlanmamıştır. Bu tezde, personel yeteneğini, maliyetini ve mevsimlere göre personel değişimini dikkate alan personel çizelgeleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Altı farklı durum için personel çizelgeleme modeli önerilmiştir. Her bir mevsim için maliyet minimizasyonu ve personel yetenek kriter değerleri modele dâhil edilerek uygun personel çizelgesi oluşturulmuştur. Personel yetenek kriterlerinin ağırlıklarını belirlemek için çok ölçütlü karar verme yöntemlerinden analitik ağ süreci kullanılmıştır. Yetenek ağırlığının farklı olduğu tespit edilen personellerin aylık toplam atanma sayısında değişimler gözlemlenmiştir. Maliyet minimizasyonu dikkate alındığında ise toplam personel atama sayısında azalma gözlemlenmiştir. Yapay sinir ağları ile dönemlere göre elektrik üretim tahminleri yapılmış ve mevsimsel personel ihtiyacı belirlenmiştir.
Natural gas combined cycle power plants are those that generate electricity using natural gas. These power plants; efficient, which can be installed in a short time with low capital, economical, environmentally friendly, because it is reliable and continuous production plants which are vital in meeting Turkey's electricity needs. According to data from the end of September 2019, 28.78% of Turkey's electricity needs are met by natural gas combined cycle power plant. The personnel of the power plant playing a role in electricity generation; process monitoring, maintenance, repair, emergency response etc. in the form of tasks. These tasks have a complex structure. The expertise, talent and workforce of the personnel are expected to contribute intensively to the production process. The number of studies that take into account the personnel's ability to perform personnel scheduling in natural gas combined cycle power plants is also very limited. When the issue of sustainable energy supply (uninterrupted, economic, environmentally friendly and efficient) comes to the fore; Controlling electricity production, labor, materials and maintenance processes is an indispensable requirement in power plants. Operation such as operating the plants in accordance with the operating rules, balancing the distribution of work, maximizing employee performance, and assigning the appropriate personnel to the appropriate job are the difficult processes to be managed. Stopping production due to incorrect scheduling of personnel is a major problem for natural gas combined cycle power plants. This disrupts sustainable energy supply. effective use of staff resources for the efficient and uninterrupted operation of these plants meet the majority of Turkey's electricity needs is an important issue. However, production amounts of natural gas combined cycle power plants vary according to the seasons. Atmospheric temperature is an important parameter affecting the thermal efficiency of natural gas combined cycle power plants. In other words, the thermal efficiency of natural gas combined cycle power plants decreases as the atmospheric temperature increases. Therefore, power plants operate most intensively and efficiently, especially in winter and autumn. Referring to ten percent of the annual electricity production of natural gas combined cycle power plant in Turkey in the summer, the average rate of 14.59%, 21.41% in the autumn, it is seen that during the winter months was 28.89% and 24.82% in the spring. Since electricity generation varies according to periods, the personnel requirement also varies according to periods. Assigning extra personnel during periods of low personnel needs has a negative impact on costs. In this case, different personnel schedules should be prepared according to the seasons. In the literature, no personnel scheduling study that considers both the personnel cost and the seasonal change of personnel has been found. In this thesis, a personnel scheduling study has been carried out considering the personnel ability, cost and seasonal changes. Personnel scheduling model has been proposed for six different situations. Cost minimization and personnel talent criterion values for each season were included in the model and an appropriate personnel schedule was formed. The analytical network process, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, was used to determine the weights of the personnel talent criteria. Changes were observed in the total number of monthly appointments of the personnel whose talent weight was found to be high. When the cost minimization is taken into consideration, a decrease in the total number of personnel is observed. Estimates of electricity generation by artificial neural networks have been made and seasonal personnel needs have been determined.
Natural gas combined cycle power plants are those that generate electricity using natural gas. These power plants; efficient, which can be installed in a short time with low capital, economical, environmentally friendly, because it is reliable and continuous production plants which are vital in meeting Turkey's electricity needs. According to data from the end of September 2019, 28.78% of Turkey's electricity needs are met by natural gas combined cycle power plant. The personnel of the power plant playing a role in electricity generation; process monitoring, maintenance, repair, emergency response etc. in the form of tasks. These tasks have a complex structure. The expertise, talent and workforce of the personnel are expected to contribute intensively to the production process. The number of studies that take into account the personnel's ability to perform personnel scheduling in natural gas combined cycle power plants is also very limited. When the issue of sustainable energy supply (uninterrupted, economic, environmentally friendly and efficient) comes to the fore; Controlling electricity production, labor, materials and maintenance processes is an indispensable requirement in power plants. Operation such as operating the plants in accordance with the operating rules, balancing the distribution of work, maximizing employee performance, and assigning the appropriate personnel to the appropriate job are the difficult processes to be managed. Stopping production due to incorrect scheduling of personnel is a major problem for natural gas combined cycle power plants. This disrupts sustainable energy supply. effective use of staff resources for the efficient and uninterrupted operation of these plants meet the majority of Turkey's electricity needs is an important issue. However, production amounts of natural gas combined cycle power plants vary according to the seasons. Atmospheric temperature is an important parameter affecting the thermal efficiency of natural gas combined cycle power plants. In other words, the thermal efficiency of natural gas combined cycle power plants decreases as the atmospheric temperature increases. Therefore, power plants operate most intensively and efficiently, especially in winter and autumn. Referring to ten percent of the annual electricity production of natural gas combined cycle power plant in Turkey in the summer, the average rate of 14.59%, 21.41% in the autumn, it is seen that during the winter months was 28.89% and 24.82% in the spring. Since electricity generation varies according to periods, the personnel requirement also varies according to periods. Assigning extra personnel during periods of low personnel needs has a negative impact on costs. In this case, different personnel schedules should be prepared according to the seasons. In the literature, no personnel scheduling study that considers both the personnel cost and the seasonal change of personnel has been found. In this thesis, a personnel scheduling study has been carried out considering the personnel ability, cost and seasonal changes. Personnel scheduling model has been proposed for six different situations. Cost minimization and personnel talent criterion values for each season were included in the model and an appropriate personnel schedule was formed. The analytical network process, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, was used to determine the weights of the personnel talent criteria. Changes were observed in the total number of monthly appointments of the personnel whose talent weight was found to be high. When the cost minimization is taken into consideration, a decrease in the total number of personnel is observed. Estimates of electricity generation by artificial neural networks have been made and seasonal personnel needs have been determined.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering
