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Öğe Açlığın oksidan stres üzerine olan etkisi(2001) Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Günel, Engin; Çakmak, MuratKalori kısıtlamasının ve bazı çalışmalarda bildirildiği gibi açlığın, antioksidan etkisi bulunmaktadır. Elektif cerrahi operasyonlar öncesi uygulanan kısa süreli açlığın fonksiyonel etkilerinin yanısıra metabolik etkilerinin de ortaya konması gereklidir. Ratlarda 48 saatlik açlığın oksidan stres üzerine olan etkisini ortaya koymak için bu çalışma gerçekleştirildi. Toplam 25 adet rat, 48 saat süreyle su kısıtlaması olmaksızın aç bırakıldı. Başlangıçta, 24. ve 48. saatlerde kan örnekleri alındı. Bu örneklerde plazma malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri ölçüldü. Başlangıç, 24. ve 48. saatlerdeki plazma MDA düzeyleri sırasıyla 8.091.78, 6.862.51 ve 4.471.62 nMol/ml şeklindeydi. Çalışmamızda, 48 saatlik açlık ratlarda artan bir şekilde oksidan stresi azaltmaktadır. Bu azalma 48. saatte en belirgin hale gelmektedir. Öte yandan, açlığın hem glutatyon düzeyini azalttığı, hem de antioksidan enzimleri etkilediği rapor edilmiştir. Sınırlı süreli açlık, oksidan stres kaynağı varlığında serbest radikal artışına yol açtığı söylenmekle birlikte, bazal şartlarda antioksidan etkilidir.Öğe Anaesthesia and the acute phase protein response in children undergoing circumcision(Hindawi Ltd, 2005) Büyükkoçak, Ünase; Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Basar, Murat; Çakmak, Murat; Batislam, Ertan; Ulusoy, SevgiConcentrations of acute phase proteins (CRP: C-reactive protein, albumin) change during surgery. We investigated the acute phase response to circumcision and the effects of anaesthesia on this response. The children were divided into four groups; group 1 (intratracheal general anaesthesia, n = 40), group 2 (general anaesthesia with mask, n = 20), group 3 (ketamine, n = 20), group 4 (local anaesthesia, n = 35). Blood samples were obtained, 24 hours before circumcision, after premedication, and 24 hours after circumcision. CRP and albumin before circumcision were comparable for all groups. There was no increase in CRP, and albumin remained steady throughout the study. No difference was observed among the groups, and related to anaesthesia. No responsiveness may be explained with the size of injured tissue or anatomical and histological type of preputium.Öğe Association Between Plasma Adrenomedullin Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(Galenos Yayincilik, 2005) Uçar, Banu; Noyan, Volkan; Yücel, Aykan; Sağsöz, Nevin; Çağlayan, OsmanObjective: The aim of the study was to compare bone mineral density measurements between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age and body mass index matched healthy controls, and to examine whether plasma adrenomedullin concentration was associated with bone mineral density. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine. Patients: Twenty women with PCOS and 13 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Interventions: Plasma adrenomedullin, serum androstenedione, free testosterone, testosterone, DHEAS, SHBG, FSH, LH, estradiol, fasting insulin and fasting glucose were measured in each subject. Bone mineral density (lumbar spine 2-4 (L2-4), femoral neck, ward's triangle, great trochanter) measurements were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin resistance was estimated by fasting insulin level, fasting glucose: insulin ratio and 75 g of glucose tolerance test for 2 hours. Main Outcome Measures: Bone mineral density and correlation between bone mineral density and plasma adrenomedullin. Result: Bone mineral density measurements did not differ between the groups. There were no correlations between plasma adrenomedullin and bone mineral density measurements. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to evaluate the relation between bone mineral density and plasma adrenomedullin.Öğe Cotinine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(Southeast Asian Ministers Educ Organization, 2010) Diken, Özlem Ercen; Unculu, Serap; Karnak, Demet; Çağlayan, Osman; Göçmen, Jülide Sedef; Kayacan, OyaCotinine is a major metabolite of nicotine. This study was planned to investigate the relationship between bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cotinine levels and serum cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers with various pulmonary diseases and to investigate whether these levels are affected by passive smoking. Serum and BAL fluid cotinine levels were measured in 27 patients. BAL cotinine levels were measured using a sensitive ELISA kit produced to measure cotinine in saliva. Plates were read by mu Quant (BioTek, USA) micro plate reader. All patient serum cotinine levels were detectable except for one nonsmoker patient. However, BAL fluid cotinine levels were measurable in only 6 patients (two of them were nonsmokers). A significant positive correlation was seen between serum and BAL fluid cotinine levels (r=0.726; p=0.000). Serum cotinine levels were significantly higher in present smokers than non-smokers (21.0 +/- 16.01; 5.35 +/- 7.65;p=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in BAL fluid cotinine levels between smokers and nonsmokers. Passive smoking can increase nicotine metabolites in serum and other body fluids, including BAL fluid. Since BAL fluid and serum cotinine levels were well correlated, there is no need to use invasive procedures, such as bronchoscopy and expensive, time consuming BAL fluid analyses. Serum cotinine levels can give a rough idea of smoking status. BAL fluid cotinine meaurements should be done for only scientific reasons.Öğe The decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate related to general anesthesia(Ios Press, 2006) Çağlayan, Osman; Büyükkoçak, Ünase; Kara, Fatma Karaca; Sert, ÖzgürThe aim of this study was to investigate whether general anesthetic agents change erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) affecting erythrocytes' shape and membrane structure in routine clinical dose manner. Forty patients (23 female and 17 male) undergoing elective surgery were included to the study. Blood samples were obtained just before induction of the anesthesia and 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation. The ESR was measured using Test-1 ESR analyzer. ESR values of the second blood samples were significantly lower than the first values (p < 0.001). At the beginning, the ESR was 18.1 +/- 11.5 mm/h, and then it decreased to 13.1 +/- 9.3 at 10th minutes. Our results indicated that anesthetic agents affected the ESR. No increase was observed in the second ESR values which were equal to, or less than the first values. General anesthesia may lead to this decrease changing electrolyte balance of erythrocyte, affecting ligands of agglomerins in membrane directly and indirectly, or changing discoid shape of erythrocyte.Öğe The effect of cyanoacrylate in esophagocutaneous leakages occurring after esophageal anastomosis(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2009) Yurtçu, Müslim; Arbağ, Hamdi; Çağlayan, Osman; Abasıyanık, Adnan; Öz, MehmetObjective: Esophageal leakage (EL) continues to be a challenging pediatric surgical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cyanoacrylate (Cy) in EL followed esophageal repair (ER). Methods: Twelve rabbits were divided into control (C) and leakage (L) groups. A I cm-length transverse esophageal incision at the level of the cervical region was made. In both groups, feeding was started orally 24 h after the surgery for leakage creation. On postoperative day 7, primary repair was carried out in the C group and Cy instillation was performed in the L group. Esophagographic analysis was carried out on postoperative day 9 and the animals were fed orally on the same day on the condition that there was no esophageal leakage. The rabbits were sacrificed to measure diameters of the OR line, bursting pressure (BP), and hydroxyproline (HP) levels in the repaired cervical esophageal segment (RCES) 2 months later. Results: The values of BP and HP in the C group were significantly higher than those in the L group. The diameters of the OR line in the L group were significantly greater compared to those in the C group. Conclusions: Cy glue instillation seems to be the ideal treatment for esophageal anastomosis leakages as shown by increased diameters of the OR line and decreased HP levels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of I-deprenyl and gliclazide on oxidant stress/antioxidant status and DNA damage in a diabetic rat model(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2005) Alper, Gülinnaz; İrer, Seda; Duman, Erdal; Çağlayan, Osman; Yılmaz, CandeğerBackground: This study investigates the possible effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitor ( MAOI), selegyline ( 1-deprenyl), in combination with oral antidiabetic-gliclazide ( OAD), in preventing oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes model in male Swiss Albino rats by measuring oxidant stress/DNA damage and antioxidant levels. Methods: Diabetic rats were divided into four groups ( n = 10) as ( 1) diabetic untreated ( DM), ( 2) deprenyl treated ( DM + D), ( 3) gliclazide treated ( DM + O), and ( 4) gliclazide and deprenyl treated ( DM + O + D). Controls were divided into two groups ( n = 8) ( 1) untreated ( C), and ( 2) deprenyl treated ( C + D). Gliclazide 5 mg/kg and/or MAOI 0.25 mg/kg daily were given orally by gavage for 4 weeks. At the end of the 12th week, catalase and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) levels in erythrocyte lysates ( EL); total antioxidant status ( TAS), 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG), malondialdehyde ( MDA), and vitamin A and E levels in plasma, MDA, and MAO in liver homogenates were determined. Results: Diabetic rats showed a decrease in EL-SOD, plasma TAS, and vitamin E, and an increase in plasma 8-OHdG, plasma, and liver MDA levels ( p < 0.05). Gliclazide and/or deprenyl decreased 8OHdG levels and increased antioxidant levels and survival when compared with untreated diabetic rats ( p < 0.05). The lowest 8-OHdG levels were determined in the DM + O + D group. Conclusions: The combined treatment of deprenyl and gliclazide may contribute to the control of the physiopathological mechanisms underlying both the process of aging and type 2 diabetes by reducing oxidant stress and DNA damage, improving antioxidant status, and increasing survival, and may have implications for further clinical studies.Öğe The effect of indwelling catheter on OH-proline in the urethral wound: An experimental study(2006) Somuncu, Salih; Çağlayan, Osman; Çakmak, Murat; Çağlayan, Fatma; Ulusoy, SevgiObjective: To investigate the effect of catheterization on urethral wound healing by measuring OH-proline. Methods: Eighteen male New Zealand albino rabbits were divided equally into three groups. In the control group, urethral tissue samples were taken from the ventral penile surface. In group II, the ventral penile surface was incised and primarily repaired by 6/0 polydioxanone. In group III, the incised urethra was repaired by 6/0 polydioxanone and a urethral catheter was inserted. Tissue samples were taken on the 20th postoperative day in groups II and III. Tissue OH-proline levels were measured by the method of Bergman and Loxley. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used for evaluation. Results: OH-proline values as ?g/mg dry tissue were 16.43 ± 2.68 in the control group, 14.47 ± 1.82 in group II and 14.63 ± 0.63 in group III. There was no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Use of a urethral catheter does not appear to have a direct effect on collagen synthesis in wound healing. © 2005 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company.Öğe The effect of suturing technique and nasal packing on oxidative stress in septoplasty operations(2008) Kazkayası, Mustafa; Dinçer, Can; Sezikli, Hayrünisa; Arıkan, Osman Kürşat; Çağlayan, OsmanOBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of nasal packing or suturing of the nasal septum after septoplasty on oxidative stress. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 37 patients who underwent septoplasty for isolated septal deviation. At the end of the operation, intranasal packing was used in 18 patients (5 women, 13 men; mean age 30+/-10 years; range 18 to 47 years), and nasal septal suturing was used in 19 patients (5 women, 14 men; mean age 31+/-12 years; range 18 to 54 years). Nasal packs were removed after 48 hours. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDH), total sulphydryl content (SH), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured at four sequential times to evaluate oxidative stress. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in plasma levels of MDH, SH, and NO in both treatment groups (p>0.05). Levels of MDH and NO did not differ significantly at four sequential times between the two treatment groups, whereas postoperative SH levels were always significantly higher following septal suturing (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: High levels of SH observed in the suturing group favor this technique over nasal packing application in terms of antioxidant systems and oxidative stress.Öğe Effect of vitamin E and C supplementation combined with oral antidiabetic therapy on the endothelial dysfunction in the neonatally streptozotocin injected diabetic rat(Wiley, 2006) Alper, Gulinnaz; Olukman, Murat; İrer, Seda; Çağlayan, Osman; Duman, Erdal; Yılmaz, Candeğer; Ülker, SibelBackground This study investigates the contribution of vitamin supplementation to the efficacy of oral antidiabetic therapy on the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in a model of type-2 diabetes in rat. Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection to neonatal rats which were breastfed for 4 weeks, then fed 6 weeks with normal food or food supplemented with 2% vitamin E and 4% vitamin C. Some diabetic rats were treated with gliclazide for 6 weeks. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were recorded in thoracic aortic rings. Plasma insulin, HbA(1c) and antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E); plasma and aortic malondialdehyde (NIDA) levels were determined. Results Induction of diabetes resulted in decreased body weight and increased blood glucose, plasma insulin and HbA(1c) levels compared to controls. Acetylcholine relaxation was impaired in diabetic aorta, while SNP relaxation remained unchanged. Aortic MDA level was significantly higher, while plasma vitamin levels were lower in diabetic rats. Diminished acetylcholine response, enhanced aortic MDA level and decreased plasma vitamin levels were all restored after gliclazide and/or vitamin therapy. However, vitamin supplementation in control rats significantly impaired acetylcholine relaxations and increased aortic MDA levels. Conclusions Apparently, a selective endothelial dysfunction accompanies the imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status in the type-2 diabetes model of rat and gliclazide and/or vitamin supplementation improves the impairment in diabetic vasculature. However, vitamin supplementation triggers oxidative stress in normal aortic tissue, thereby, leads to endothelial dysfunction; indicating that nutritional extra-supplementation of antioxidant vitamins isn't advisable for normal subjects, although it's beneficial in disease status. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Effects of different anesthetic techniques on serum leptin, C-reactive protein, and cortisol concentrations in anorectal surgery(Medicinska Naklada, 2006) Büyükkoçak, Ünase; Daphan, Çağatay; Çağlayan, Osman; Aydinuraz, Kuzey; Kaya, Tahsin; Saygun, Oral; Ağalar, FatihAim To compare the effects of intratracheal general anesthesia (ITGA) and regional (saddle block) anesthesia on leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol blood concentrations during anorectal surgery. Methods Fifty-eight patients suffering from hemorrhoidal disease, pilonidal sinus, anal fissure, or anal fistula were included the study. Patients were randomly assigned into one of the two groups (n = 29). Patients in one group received ITGA. After thiopental and fentanyl induction, vecuronium was used as a muscle relaxant. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. In the other group we applied saddle block, injecting hyperbaric bupivacaine into the subarachnoid space, through the L3-L4 intervertebral space, in the sitting position. Blood samples were collected for leptin, CRP, and cortisol analysis before the induction of anesthesia at 3 and 24 hours postoperatively. Results Preoperative leptin, CRP, and cortisol concentrations were comparable between the groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative levels of leptin and CRP in both groups. Although not significant, leptin and CRP concentrations were lower in the saddle block group at three hours postoperatively (mean SD, 6.95 +/- 8.59 and 6.02 +/- 12.25, respectively) than in the ITGA group (mean SD, 9.04 +/- 9.89 and 8.40 +/- 15.75, respectively). During early postoperative period, cortisol increased slightly in the ITGA group and remained at similar level in the saddle block group, but later decreased in both groups. Cortisol levels in the saddle block group were significantly lower than in the ITGA group at 3 hours postoperatively (343.7 +/- 329.6 vs 611.4 +/- 569.8; P = 0.034). Conclusion Saddle block, a regional anesthetic technique, may attenuate stress response in patients undergoing anorectal surgery, by blocking afferent neural input during early postoperative period.Öğe The effects of four different drugs administered through catheters on slime production in coagulase negative Staphylococci(2012) Göçmen, Jülide Sedef; Büyükkoçak, Ünase; Azap, Alpay; Pekuz, Yasemin Ö.; Çağlayan, OsmanAmaç: Patojen bakteri suşlarında slime oluşturma oranı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Slime oluşumunu artıran faktörler enfeksiyon riskini artırırken azaltanlar ise bu riski düşürmektedir. Çalışmamızda Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde kateter aracılığı infüzyon şeklinde uygulanan bazı ilaçların koagülaz negatif Stafilokok’larda slime oluşumuna etkisi araştırıldı. Gereç ve yöntem: Glyceryl trinitrate (Perlinganit), Dexmedetomidine (Precedex), Esmolol (Brevibloc) ve Propofol (Propofol)’un slime oluşumuna etkileri 24’ü kan kültürlerinden izole edil ve biri American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 12228 kodlu referans Staphylococcus epidermidis suşu üzerinde araştırıldı. Slime oluşumu Christensen tarafından tarif edilmiş olan “Kantitatif mikrodilüsyon plak testi” yöntemi ile belirlendi. Bulgular: Kontrol kuyucuklarında 8 bakteri slime oluşturdu. Esmolol içeren besi yerinde 5, Glyceryl trinitrate’lı besiyerinde 21, dexmedetomidine olan besiyerinde 15, propofol’lü besiyerinde 18 bakteri slime pozitif bulundu. Glyceryl trinitrate, dexmedetomidine ve propofolün slime pozitifliğini kontrole göre anlamlı ölçüde arttırdığı saptandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının ışığında; ilaç ve/ veya katkı maddelerinin slime üretimine etkili olabileceği sonucuna varıldı. Kateter yoluyla uygulanan preparatların etkileri araştırılmalı ve kullanımları sırasında bu etkilerinin olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.Öğe The effects of topotecan on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in rabbit liver tissue(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2005) Kısa, Üçler; Çağlayan, Osman; Kaçmaz, MuratBackground: To evaluate the possible influence of topotecan therapy on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rabbit liver tissue, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase ( SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase ( CAT) were investigated. Methods: A total of 24 adult, healthy New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups (n = 8). Topotecan was administered intravenously via the ear vein for 3 days at 0.25 mg/kg/day for the low-dose group and 0.50 mg/kg/day for the high-dose group; physiological saline was used for the control group. All animals were sacrificed on day 15. Livers were removed and homogenised. The homogenate supernatant was used for measurement of TBARS levels, and SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT enzyme activities ( expressed as IU/mg protein). Results: There were significant differences in the TBARS level and GSH-Px activity between control and the topotecan treatment groups. TBARS level of topotecan treatment groups was higher than control (89% and 126%, respectively, P = 0.001). It was also significantly higher in the high-dose group than the low-dose group (20%; P = 0.011). GSH-Px activity was lower in the low- and high-dose topotecan groups than the control (42% [ P = 0.002] and 65% [ P = 0.001], respectively). Enzyme activity was lowest in the high-dose group and the difference was also significant when compared with the topotecan groups (40%; P = 0.001). Although there was some decrease in SOD and CAT activities in the topotecan-treated groups, differences from the control group were not significant. Conclusions: These findings suggest that topotecan treatment results in an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities in healthy liver tissue from rabbits. We believe that the addition of antioxidants to topotecan therapy may reduce the harmful effects of topotecan on liver tissue.Öğe The Evaluation Of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury On Regional And Inhalation Anaesthesia During Arthroscopic Knee Surgery Under A Tourniquet(2015) Kaymak, Çetin; Çetik, Özgür; Çakırca, Mehmet; Çağlayan, Osman; Apan, AlpaslanAMAÇ:Artroskopik diz cerrahisinde cerrahi alan görüşünü arttırmak amacıyla sıklıkla turnike uygulanmaktadır. Bununla beraber turnikenin indirilmesi ile beraber iskemi/reperfüzyon hasarı gelişmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı turnike altında gerçekleşen artroskopik diz cerrahinde spinal blok, siyatik-femoral blok, sevofluran ve desfluran anestezi uygulamasının kan ve snovial dokudaki MDA ve NO sevilerini değerlendirmektir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMLER: Çalışmaya ASA I-II 60 erişkin hasta dahil edilerek turnike altında artroskopik cerrahi geiçrecek hastalar drt gruba ayrıldı. Hastalara siyatik-femoral blokaj (Grup I) ve spinal blok (Grup II) uygulandı. Genel anestezi uygulaması sırasıyla sevofluran (Grup III) ve desfluran (Grup IV) ile gerçekleştirildi. Anestezi öncesi (T1), turnike açılmadan 1 dk. önce (T2), turnike açıldıktan 5 dk. sonra (T3) ve turnike açıldıktan 20 dk. sonra (T4) kan örnekleri alındı. Ek olarak T2. ve T3. evrelerde cerrahi alandan snovial doku örnekleri alındı.BULGULAR:Çalışmamızda tüm gruplardaki MDA düzeyleri T3 evresinde, T1 evresine göre anlamlı artış göstermiştir. Ek olarak, Grup I ve IV'de T4 evresindeki plazma MDA düzeyleri T1 evresine göre anlamlı artış göstermiştir. Tüm gruplardaki plazma NO düzeyleri T2, T3 ve T4 evrelerinde; T1 evresine göre anlamlı artış göstermiştir. Doku NO düzeyleri, Grup I'de en belirgin olmak üzere artmıştır. SONUÇ: Çalışmamızda artroskopik cerrahide turnike uygulaması sonrasında geçici nötrofil aktivasyonu ve transendotelial nötrofil migrasyonu gösterilmiştir. Turnike kullanımına bağlı iskemi reperfüzyon hasarında spinal blok ve sevofluran ile anestezisi uygulamasının desfluran ve siyatik-femoral blok tekniğine göre tercih edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varıldıÖğe Hormone replacement therapy and prolactin levels in postmenopausal women(1999) Sagsöz, Nevin; Bayram, Mete; Kamacı, M.; Çağlayan, OsmanObjective: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of hormonal replacement therapy on serum prolactin (PRL) levels in postmenopausal women. Study Design: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was initiated to 30 postmenopausal patients. We determined the basal prolactin levels before treatment, and again at the first and third months. We used paired-t and student-t test for statistical analysis. Results: The basal PRL level of menopausal women was 9.6 ± 4.6 ng/ml, while it was 10.5 ± 4.1 ng/ml in premenopausal women (p>0,05). After initiation of HRT, the PRL levels were 9.9 ± 3.3 ng/ml and 10.1 ± 3.9 ng/ml at the first and third months, respectively. These values were not different from basal PRL levels. Conclusion: Serum prolactin determination may be used for the diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea of menopause if clinically indicated. Howover checking the serum prolactin level after the initiation of HRT has no clinical implications.Öğe In vitro antibacterial activity of some systemic and topical antihistaminic preparations(Canadian Soc Clinical Investigation, 2009) Göçmen, Julide Sedef; Büyükkoçak, Ünase; Çağlayan, OsmanPurpose: In vitro antibacterial activity of topical and systemic antihistaminic preparations containing different active substrates against the standard strains of two bacteria was evaluated. Methods: Four topical and 3 systemic preparations containing pheniramine maleate, chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride were studied. The antibacterial activities of these preparations against strains of S. aureus (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 29213) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 25212) were tested using the disc diffusion method. In addition, the Minimal Innhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of parenteral preparations for these two bacteria were determined. Results: Pheniramine maleate-topical and pheniramine maleate-systemic had no activity against bacteria, but the others showed various rates of activity. Chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride-topical and chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride-systemic were the most effective (P < 0.05). Despite the same active substrate content, diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-1 and diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-2 yielded different results when they were compared with each other or with the other preparations. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-2 had a relatively higher rate of activity than diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-1. Inhibition zone diameters were 16.9 +/- 1.5 mm 12.3 +/- 0.5 mm for S. aureus, 17.4 +/- 1.0 mm 0 mm for S. epidermidis respectively (P < 0.05). MIC values of parenteral preparations were equal to or above 125 mu g/ml. Conclusion:, MIC values of parenteral preparations were higher than their blood levels in clinical use. Thus, effects of parenteral preparations may not have been reflected in routine clinical practice. However, topical forms have antibacterial activity due to additive substrates and the use of high concentration levels at the site of application. Therefore, in selection of topical forms for appropriate cases, these effects should also be taken into consideration. The antibacterial activity of topical antihistaminic preparations may be useful in certain dermatological pathology.Öğe İntestinal iskemi/reperfüzyon sonrası diğer organlardaki oksidan stresin araştırılması(2000) Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Günel, Engin; Çakmak, Muratİskemi/reperfüzyon hasarlanmasında tetikleyici olarak sorumlu tutulan reaktif oksijen metabolitleri primer olarak meydana geldikleri organda hasarlanmaya neden olurken aynı zamanda diğer organ ve sistemleri de etkilemektedir. İntestinal iskemi reperfüzyon çalışmalarında akciğer, karaciğer, kalp ve kemik iliğinde bu etkiler gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda intestinal iskemi reperfüzyonda karaciğer akciğer ve böbrekte oksidan stres ölçüldü. Toplam 18 adet tavşan üç gruba ayrıldı. 1. grup (n6) bir saatlik ileum iskemisi, 2. grup (n6) bir saat iskemi bir saat reperfüzyon, 3. grup (n6) sham grubu olarak çalışıldı. Deney sonunda tüm gruplardan karaciğer, akciğer ve böbrek doku örnekleri alındı. Doku homojenatlarında malondialdehid ve glutatyon düzeyleri ölçüldü. Her üç grubun sonuçları birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Tüm dokularda reperfüzyon grubu malondialdehid düzeyleri sham grubundan anlamlı yüksekti (p0,05). Glutatyon düzeyleri akciğer dokusunda gruplar arasında farksızken, karaciğer ve böbrek dokularında reperfüzyon grubunda sham grubundan anlamlı düşüktü (p0,05). Bu sonuçlar her üç dokunun da intestinal iskemi reperfüzyon sonrası oksidan stres altında kaldığını göstermektedir.Öğe Investigation of OH-proline contents of hernia sacs in children and comparison with adults(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2005) Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Çakmak, Murat; Saygun, Oral; Somuncu, Salih; Ulusoy, Sevgi; Akman, HPurpose: One of the factors suggested to be causative in hernia formation is defective collagen metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether there is any relationship between the collagen contents of indirect hernial sacs and certain demographic and anatomic parameters. Methods: Hernial sac hydroxyproline levels were measured in 100 pediatric and 23 adult indirect inguinal hernia cases as indicators of collagen concentrations. Hydroxyproline levels were compared between boys and girls, right and left sided hernias, unilateral and bilateral cases, children and adults. Whether there was any relationship between patient age and hydroxyproline level was also investigated. Results: No difference was found between males and females (p > 0.05), right and left sided hernias (p > 0.05) or unilateral and bilateral cases (p > 0.05). Hydroxyproline levels of adults were found to be significantly higher than those of children (p = 0.000). There was also a positive correlation between age and hydroxyproline levels of boys (r = 0.285, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Although a relationship between direct inguinal hernia and collagen structure has been shown by some investigators, we were unable to point to any significant findings which would indicate such a relationship in indirect inguinal hernia cases. Further studies on hydroxyproline levels in peritoneal samples will be necessary to understand the role of peritoneal hydroxyproline levels in hernia formation.Öğe Mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width as mortality predictors in intensive care unit(2020) Gençay, Işın; Büyükkoçak, Ünase; Ateş, Gökay; Çağlayan, OsmanBackground and Aim: This study aimed to determine the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) values of intensive care patients, and show the relationship between these parameters and mortality. Material and Method: In the present study, 284 patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit were retrospectively analyzed. MPV and PDW values of the patients when they first hospitalized, their last MPV and PDW values before they died or were discharged, their ages and duration of ICU period were recorded. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the first and last values of MPV and PDW in the surviving patient group. Similarly, PDW values did not change in the group of patients who died (p> 0.05). However, the last MPV values were significantly higher in the deceased patient group than the first MPV values (p <0.05). In this study, when the age, length of stay in the intensive care unit, MPV and PDW values were compared, the most important factor was found to be an increase in MPV. Conclusion: This study showed that MPV increase in intensive care patients may be closely related to mortality.Öğe Monitoring the metabolic response to major surgery in neonates(2000) Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Günel, Engin; Şahin, Tahir K.BACKGROUND: Visceral proteins and acute phase reactants have commonly been used as indicators of nutritional status, and metabolic response of surgical trauma. AIM: This study was undertaken to determine how some plasma proteins, alone or together reflect metabolic response in neonates recovering from major surgery. METHODS: Serum albumin, pre-albumin (PA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) levels were measured, and the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) was calculated for preoperative day 1 (-1) and postoperative (PO) days 1 (+1) and 7 (+7). RESULTS: PA, CRP, AGP and PINI were significantly different on day +1 from day -1. While AGP and PINI were still significantly higher than that of day -1, PA and CRP returned to the preoperative levels on day +7. CONCLUSION: PA, CRP and AGP measurements are superior to PINI for assessing postoperative metabolic changes in term neonates following uncomplicated major surgery on early and late phase. But this comparison must be performed in the management of more complex cases to determine which one is better to indicate morbidity and mortality.
