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Öğe Caustic esophageal injury decreases the number of interstitial cells of Cajal in the rat esophagus(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2010) Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Sebnem; Somuncu, Salih; Atasoy, Pinar; Kanmaz, Turan; Cakmak, MuratAim: To evaluate the effect of caustic esophageal injury (CEI) on the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) Materials and methods: Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. control, acid, and alkali induced CEI CEI was performed by the injection of 1 mL of 10% hypochloric acid in the acid group, and 1 mL of 10% sodium hydroxide was injected into the alkali group. Distal esophageal segments were removed 24 h after injection CEI was graded and the number of ICC were investigated (CD-117 staining) The number of ICC was compared in groups and correlated with CEI grades Results: Typical histopathologic features of CEI were encountered in acid (mean grade 0 25 +/- 0.15), and in alkali (median 2, range. 1 25-3) groups The number of ICC was decreased in both the acid (mean 12 8 +/- 9.2) and alkali (median 2, range 0.0-4 0) groups with respect to the control group (mean 30 5 +/- 6 5) (P < 0 05) In addition, alkali group had a decreased number of ICC, when compared to the acid group (P < 0 05) Histopathologic grading showed an inverse correlation with number of ICC in both the acid (rs: 0 678) and alkali (rs 0.759) groups Conclusion: CEI decreases the number of ICC in the rat esophagus. Alkali caustics cause a higher grade of esophageal injury and a greater decrease in the number of ICC Motility disorders after caustic ingestion may be related to the decreased number of ICCÖğe Cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2015) Cakmak, Murat; Gollu, Gulnur; Boybeyi, Ozlem; Kucuk, Gonul; Sertcelik, Mehmet; Gunal, Yasemin Dere; Kilic, Birim GunayBackground/aim: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) have risk taking behavior and are more prone to sustaining injury. It is aimed to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion. Patients and methods: Ninety two children with a history of nonsuicidal caustic ingestion (CI, n = 46) and healthy subjects (HS, n = 46) admitted to pediatric surgery department were enrolled into the study. Patients in groups were evaluated for age, sex, number of siblings and educational status of the parents. Before filling the questionnaires, the children were undergone flexible endoscopy and treated accordingly. Conners Parents Rating Scale-revised long form (CPRS-R:L), validated for Turkish Children, was used to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children. Parents rate their child's behavior with a four-point Likert scale. Subscales of CPRS-R: L including cognitive problems/inattention (CG/I), hyperactivity (H), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder index (AD/HD-I), Conners' Global Index-discomfort-impulsivity (CGI-DI), DSM-IV-symptom subscale-inattention (DSMIV, SS-I), DSM-IV-symptom subscale-hyperactivity-impulsivity (DSM-IV, SS-HI), DSMIV-symptom subscale-total score (DSM-IV SS-T) were used to determine the severity of the AD/HD symptom. Demographic features and cognitive/behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion were compared with healthy subjects. Results: The median age of the patients was 4 (2-14 years) in both CI and HS groups. Female male ratio was 13:33 in CI and 12:34 in HS. Sixty seven percent of patients were preschool children (younger than 5 years of age) in both CI and HS groups. There was no difference between groups for number of siblings (p > 0.05). Parents of HS group had higher educational status than parents in CI (p < 0.05). When subscale scores of CPRS-R: L compared between CI and HS groups, CI group had higher CGI-DI scores than HS (p < 0.05). Children younger than five years of age had higher scores of H, emotional instability and total CG/I in CI than HS group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Children with caustic ingestion had impulsiveness behavior when compared to healthy children. In addition to impulsivity, hyperactivity can be also assessed as a risk factor for caustic ingestion in children younger than 5 years of age. We suggest that association between AD/HD behavior and risk of sustaining injuries was also confirmed for caustic ingestion in children. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe A Complication in Hypospadias Surgery Due to Anchoring Suture(Aves, 2015) Gollu, Gulnur; Kucuk, Gonul; Karabulut, Ayse Anil; Yagmurlu, Aydin; Cakmak, MuratThe complication rates are still 1-90% both in proximal and distal hypospadias regardless of the surgeon's experience and the usage of most developed techniques. The literature survey revealed few complications of glans penis including meatal stenosis, prolapsus and retraction. Despite our literature survey, we could not find any article concerning the permanent scar tissue at the dorsal part of glans following hypospadias surgeries. A new complication can be added to these, concerning glans which is the formation of postoperative scar tissue as a reaction to suture material used in traction, stent anchoring or both. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate four cases which had glanular scar due to traction suture following the surgical procedures for hypospadias repair.Öğe Danger in unlabeled bottles: Analysis of corrosive substances(Aves, 2015) Boybeyi, Ozlem; Gollu, Gulnur; Kisa, Ucler; Bahadir, Berktug; Gunal, Yasemin Dere; Kucuk, Gonul; Cakmak, Murat…Öğe The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Clinical Course of Appendicitis in Children(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2012) Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Cesur, Ozkan; Soyer, Tutku; Hancerliogullari, Oymen; Turkmen, Feyza; Cakmak, MuratObjective: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical course of appendicitis in children. Material and Methods: Patients between 6 and 18 years of age, who had undergone appendectomy in the last 2 years, were evaluated for age, sex, BMI, time from the beginning of complaints to diagnosis, acute Or perforated appendicitis, duration of hospitalization and complications retrospectively. BMI was evaluated according to percentiles developed for Turkish children between 6 and 18 years of age. Patients with percentiles between 10 to 75 were accepted as the normal BMI group, lower than 10 was the low BMI group and more than 75 was assessed as the high BMI group. Results: Ninety-six patients were included in the study. The median age was 13 (min: 6, max:16) in the normal BMI group [n=37, male/female (M/F)=1.84], 12(6-16) in the low BMI group (n=38, M/F=1.53) and 9(6-15) in the high BMI group (n=21, M/F=3.2). The acute/perforated appendicitis ratios were 3.1, 2.8 and 1.3, respectively in the normal, low and high BMI groups. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the time from the beginning of complaints to diagnosis and duration of hospitalization (p>0.05). Although complication rates showed no difference between the normal and low BMI groups, the high BMI group had a higher incidence of complications compared to the normal and low BMI groups (p=0.04 and p=0.018,respectively). The follow-up period of the patients were 2 months to 2 years and the most common complication was wound infection. Conclusion: Children with high BMI have higher complication rates during the clinical course of appendicitis compared to children with low and normal BMI.Öğe The effect of experimentally induced carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on intra-abdominal and intra-esophageal pH(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2009) Soyer, Tutku; Aydos, Tolga Resat; Aktuna, Zuhal; Korkut, Oguzhan; Ozmanoglu, Goekhan; Hancerliogullari, Oeymen; Cakmak, MuratAim: An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on intra-abdominal (IA) and intra-esophageal (IE) pH. Material and methods: The study included 18 Wistar rats. In the control group (n = 6) a pH catheter was inserted into the peritoneal cavity via a left upper quadrant incision and another catheter was inserted into the lower esophagus via the oral route. Pre- and post-insufflation IA and IE pH were recorded every 5 min for 1 h. In the experimental groups, in addition to pH catheters, a 16-G catheter was inserted into the abdomen above the umbilicus. In the O-2 group (n = 6) 95% O-2 and 5% CO2 were insufflated with a pressure of 10 mmHg. In the CO2 group (n = 6), CO2 was insufflated with the same pressure and duration. Results: In the CO2 group, IA and IE pH values significantly decreased (P < 0.05). IA pH values decreased in the CO2 group when compared to the control and O-2 groups (P < 0.05). There was not a significant difference in IE pH between the CO2 group and the other groups. Conclusion: CO2 insufflation decreased IA pH values. Decreased pH values obtained with continuous recordings of the esophagus may have been related to increases in intra-abdominal pressure, rather than the metabolic effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum.Öğe Effect of P/E-selectin blockage on antisperm antibody development and histopathological alterations in experimental orchitis(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2013) Cesur, Ozkan; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Ayva, Sebnem Kupana; Fedakar-Senyucel, Mine; Soyer, Tutku; Kisa, Ucler; Cakmak, MuratAim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of P/E-selectin blockage on antisperm antibody (ASA) development and histopathological alterations in experimental orchitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Wistar albino-type male rats weighing 100-150 g were included in the study. Rats were allocated into six groups (n = 6) including control (CG), sham (SG), orchitis (OG), antimicrobial treatment (AG), P/E-selectin blockage (PESG), and both antimicrobial and P/E-selectin treatment (TG) groups. In CG, serum samples were taken from the tail vein prior to the procedure and followed by extraction of both testes. In SG, 1 ml of saline solution was injected in testicular parenchyma. OG was obtained by injecting 0.1 ml 106 cfu/ml Escherichia coli (0: 6 strain) and 1 ml saline solution into the right testes. AG received ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg/day) twice a day through gastrogavage 24 hours after generating orchitis. In PESG, P/E-selectin antibody (100 mu g) was administered intravenously via the tail vein 24 hours after the induction of orchitis. Finally, both ciprofloxacin and P/E-selectin antibody were administered in TG 24 hours after the induction of orchitis for 14 days. At the end of treatment, 1 ml of serum sample was obtained to evaluate the ASA, P-selectin and E-selectin levels. In order to evaluate spermatogenesis (Johnsen score) and testicular injury (Cosentino score), both testes were extracted at the end of the 14th day. Results: In orchitis-induced groups (OG, ATG, PSEG, TG), ASA levels were significantly increased at the 14th day when compared to SG (p < 0.05). In TG, ASA levels were decreased when compared to AG. However, similar alteration in ASA levels was not detected in PSEG (p > 0.05). In OG and AG, P-selectin levels were decreased at the 14th day when compared to levels observed on 0 day (p < 0.05). E-selectin levels on 0 day showed that each group had higher levels of E-selectin when compared to CG (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference regarding E-selectin when compared to CG (p > 0.05). No significant differences regarding E-selectin levels were detected on the 0th and 14th days between AG and CG (p > 0.05). When the Cosentino and Johnsen scores were compared among groups, TG and PSEG has decreased scores of Cosentino than OG on the right testicle (p < 0.05). In contrast, an increased Johnsen score was detected in TG and PSEG when compared to OG (p < 0/05). No significant difference was detected for both Cosentino and Johnsen scores on the left testicle (p > 0.05). There was no difference with regard to the right and left testicular injury in TG. In P/E-blocked groups, decreased histopathological alterations were observed in the contralateral testis. Conclusion: P/E-selectin blockage may reduce ASA production after orchitis when combined with antimicrobial treatment. P/E-selectin blockage not only has a protective effect on blood-testis barrier but also decreases the histopathological alterations in both the affected and contralateral testis. Histopathological parameters of spermatogenesis may also be prevented by P/E-selectin blockage in experimental orchitis. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of phototherapy on gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity and oxidative stress(Springer, 2011) Soyer, Tutku; Aliefendioglu, Didem; Aktuna, Zuhal; Caglayan, Osman; Aydos, Tolga Resat; Cakmak, MuratAim To evaluate the effect of phototherapy on gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity and oxidative stress. Methods Wistar albino rats (n = 18, in the first 7 days of life) weighing 7 +/- 2 g with both sexes were included in the study. The animals were randomized into three groups. In control group (CG), median laparotomy was performed to obtain 1 cm of jejunum, terminal ileum and colonic segments. In the phototherapy group (PTG), led phototherapy with a wave density of 40 mu w/cm(2)/nm were used (Bilitron 3006, Fanem, Brasil). The efficacy surface of phototherapy was 30-40 cm and the exposure distance was 30 cm. The duration of phototherapy was 24 h. Sham group (SG) received white light with the same wave density and exposure distance. The oxidative stress markers and contraction responses were investigated from intestinal segments obtained from experiments. Results The jejunum segments showed significantly lowered contraction response to carbachol in SG when compared to CG and PTG (p < 0.05). Decreased contractile response to KCl was detected in both SG and PTG in terminal ileum segments. MDA levels showed no difference between groups (p > 0.05). Total sulfhydryl (T-SH) levels were found significantly increased in PTG when compared to CG and SG (p < 0.05). When NO levels were evaluated, NO levels were found decreased in PTG and SG with respect to CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion PT may cause various alterations in oxidant/antioxidant system in intestinal segments. Unlike to clinical findings, decreased contractile responses were detected in rat gastrointestinal smooth muscles after PT.Öğe Effect of phototherapy on growth factor levels in neonatal rat skin(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2011) Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Sebnem; Aliefendioglu, Didem; Aktuna, Zuhal; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Senyucel, Mine Fedakar; Cakmak, MuratAim: Neonates undergoing surgery may receive phototherapy (PT) for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Although the effects of PT on neonatal structures are well documented, the effect of PT on wound healing has not been previously evaluated. An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of PT on growth factor levels responsible for wound healing in neonatal rat skin. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar newborn rats (7 +/- 2 g) were included in the study. Rats were randomized into 3 groups: control (CG), PT, and sham (SG) (n = 6). Both groups had 1-cm median dorsal skin incision. In CG, 1 x 1 cm of dorsal skin was sampled including the incised skin. The PT group received 5 banks of blue light (wave density, 30-40 mu w/cm(2) per nanometer; exposure distance, 45 cm). Phototherapy was started 24 hours after birth and exposed during light period (mean duration, 21 hours to 15 minutes perpendicular to 2 hour to 1.5 minutes). Sham group consisted of animals that received a bank of white light with same exposure distance and a total duration of 26 hours to 18 minutes +/- 3 hours to 9.1 minutes. After exposure, 1 x 1 cm dorsal skin samples were obtained from both PT and SG groups, including the median incision. The effect of PT was evaluated with the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptor (VEGF receptor), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in endothelial vessels and fibroblasts of neonatal skin samples. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in VEGF receptor and transforming growth factor beta expressions. The VEGF levels in endothelial vessels were significantly decreased in PT and SG when compared with CG (P < .05). Conclusion: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a mediator of angiogenesis and may decrease in neonatal rat skin after light exposure. It can be suggested that decreased levels of VEGF after PT application may alter angiogenesis and also may adversely affect the healing features of neonatal skin. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of platelet rich fibrin on growth factor levels in urethral repair(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2013) Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Sebnem; Boybeyi, Ozlem; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Cakmak, MuratAim: Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous source of growth factors and promotes wound healing. An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of PRF on growth factor levels in urethral repair. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats were included in the study. Rats were allocated in three groups (n:6): control (CG), sham (SG), and PRF (PRFG). In SG, a 5 mm vertical incision was performed in the penile urethra and repaired with 10/0 Vicryl (R) under a microscope. In PRFG, during the urethral repair as described in SG, 1 cc of blood was sampled from each rat and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2400 rpm. PRF obtained from the centrifugation was placed on the repair site during closure. Penile urethras were sampled 24 hours after PRF application in PRFG and after urethral repair in SG. Transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta-R-CD105), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGF-R), as well as endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), were evaluated in subepithelia of the penile skin and urethra. Groups were compared for growth factor levels and growth factor receptor expression with the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: TGF-beta-R levels were significantly decreased in SG when compared to CG (p < 0.05). In PRFG, TGF-beta-R was increased in both subepithelia of penile skin and urethra with respect to SG (p < 0.05). When VEGF levels and its receptor expression were compared between SG and PRFG, VEGF levels were found to be increased in penile skin subepithelium, whereas VEGF-R expressions were decreased in urethral subepithelia in PRFG (p < 0.05). There was no difference between groups for EGFR levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Use of PRF after urethral repair increases TGF-beta-R and VEGF expressions in urethral tissue. PRF can be considered as an alternative measure to improve the success of urethral repair. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effect of Whole Gut Irrigation on Contractile Responses of Guinea Pig Gallbladder, Ileum, and Tissue Cholecystokinin Levels(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2014) Turkmen, Feyza; Soyer, Tutku; Keskil, Zuhal; Kisa, Ucler; Aslan, Mustafa; Senyucel, Mine; Cakmak, MuratAim An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of whole gut irrigation (WGI) solutions on contractile responses of the gallbladder and ileum and also on tissue cholecystokinin (CCK) levels. Materials and Methods Thirty guinea pigs were enrolled into five groups including control group (CG) and WGI group (saline physiologic [SP], Ringer lactated [RL], polyethylene glycol [PEG], and dibasic sodium phosphate [DNP]). After median laparotomy, the distal esophagus was ligated and SP, PEG, RL, and DNP infusions (2 mL/kg/min) were performed via gastric catheter until rectal discharge became clear in WGI groups. Ileum and gallbladder samples were obtained for in vitro and biochemical studies without irrigation in CG and after irrigation with different WGI solutions. Isolated ileum and gallbladder preparations were suspended in organ baths for contractile responses of carbachol and CCK. Also, biochemical analysis of tissue CCK levels was performed in ileum and gallbladder samples. Results In PEG group, gallbladder and ileum CCK levels were significantly higher than CG (p < 0.05). Also, DNP irrigation caused increased CCK levels in gallbladder samples (p < 0.05). In lower carbachol concentrations, PEG group showed increased contraction responses in gallbladder samples when compared with controls (p < 0.05). However, ileal responses to carbachol did not show any significant difference between groups, contraction responses to CCK was decreased in PEG group when compared with CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion Among WGI solutions, PEG caused the highest CCK levels in gallbladder and ileum samples. Different WGI solutions affected the contractile responses of gallbladder and ileum smooth muscles divergently. Increased levels of CCK in PEG group support the decreased contractile responses in ileum. Therefore, our results confirm that the effect of WGI on gallbladder and ileum contractility may be CCK related.Öğe Electrophysiologic evaluation of genitofemoral nerve in children with inguinal hernia repair(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2008) Soyer, Tutku; Tosun, Aliye; Keles, Isik; Inal, Elem; Cesur, Oezkan; Cakmak, MuratAim: Genitofemoral nerve (GFN) injury may occur because of chronic pressure of hernia sac or surgical intervention. A prospective study was performed to evaluate GFN electrophysiologically in children with inguinal hernia repair. Methods: Children with inguinal hernia were evaluated for GFN electrophysiologically before and after (3-6 months postoperatively) inguinal hernia repair. Bilateral GFN motor response latencies and durations were investigated electrophysiologically by surface electrodes. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used for statistical analysis, and P values lower than .05 was considered to be significant. Results: Eleven patients with a mean age of 4.45 +/- 2.16 were enrolled in the study. Mean latency of patients was 2.37 +/- 0.89 milliseconds preoperatively and 3.14 +/- 1.02 milliseconds postoperatively. Latency of GFN was found prolonged after hernia repair (P = .008). Duration of GFN motor response was 9.94 +/- 1.49 milliseconds and 11.18 +/- 2.44 milliseconds, respectively, in preoperative and postoperative recordings. There was no significant difference detected in mean durations (P > .05). Conclusion: Latency of GFN may prolong after inguinal hernia repair. Prolongation of GFN latency may be the result of surgical injury during hernia repair and consequently also related with chronic groin pain. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of genitofemoral nerve motor conduction in inguinoscrotal pathologies(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2008) Soyer, Tutku; Tosun, Aliye; Aydin, Gueluemser; Kaya, Murat; Arslan, Ayse; Orkun, Sevim; Cakmak, MuratAim: Inguinoscrotal pathologies are commonly seen in childhood. The genitofemoral nerve (GFN) is responsible for sensitive innervations of scrotal region and the motor innervations of cremasteric muscle. GFN also innervates the afferent and efferent pathways of cremasteric reflex. A prospective study was performed to evaluate the possible relation between inguinoscrotal pathologies and GFN motor functions. Methods: Patients with inguinal hernia, hydrocele, undescended or retractile testicles, aged between 2-12 years were enrolled in the study. Bilateral latency and duration of GFN motor conductions (GFNMC) were obtained electrophysiologically by Surface electrodes. GFNMC recordings of non-pathological sides were assessed as control group. Latency and duration of each group were compared with control group (Mann-Whitney U test). P values lower than .05 were considered significant. Results: Seventy-three electrophysiologic evaluations were investigated in inguinal hernia (n:18), hydrocele (n:9). undescended testicle (n: 14), retractile testicle (n: 12) and control (n:20) groups. There was no age difference between groups and controls. Latency was significantly prolonged in inguinal hernia group when compared with control group (P = .028). Although the latencies were shortened in Undescended testicle group, no significant difference detected (P > .05). Conclusion: Prolonged latencies in inguinal hernia may be a result of nerve trap caused by hernia sac. GFN motor functions showed no causative role in other inguinoscrotal pathologies. It can be also suggested that clinical features of other inguinoscrotal pathologies were not affected by GFN motor functions. Electrophysiological studies in Younger age groups with large number of patients are needed to support our suggestions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of omental inflammatory response with P-/E-selectin levels and histopathologic findings in experimental model(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2012) Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Boybeyi, Ozlem; Soyer, Tutku; Senyucel, Mine Fedakar; Ayva, Sebnem; Kisa, Ucler; Cakmak, MuratAim: The omentum plays a crucial role in abdominal defense mechanism by adhering to sites of inflammation and absorbing bacteria and debris from the peritoneal cavity. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the inflammatory response of omentum in different abdominal events with omental P-/E-selectin levels and histopathologic findings. Materials and methods: Thirty Wistar rats were placed into 5 groups (n = 6), including a control group (CG), sham group (SG), bladder perforation (BP) group, splenic laceration (SL) group, and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group. Omental samples were obtained in CG after median laparotomy. In accordance with described models, BP, SL, and CLP were performed in experimental groups. Twenty-four hours after the first laparotomy, localization of the omental pad was noted, and omental samples were obtained for biochemical analysis of levels and histopathologic findings (no. of vessels in sections, polymorphic nuclear leukocytes [PMLs], lymphocytes). The mean P-/E-selectin levels and histopathologic findings of inflammation were compared between groups. Results: Although omentum was adhered to the cecum in all subjects after CLP, similar findings were not detected in other groups. P-selectin and E-selectin levels and number of PML were significantly increased in the CLP group when compared with other groups (P < .05). The number of vessels in sections was significantly increased in CLP group when compared with SG and BP groups (P < .05), and the BP group had a decreased number of vessels than CG (P < .05). The number of PML was significantly increased in SG and SL and BP groups with respect to CG (P < .05). Conclusion: Among different experimental intraabdominal catastrophes, only CLP caused an inflammatory response and increased levels of adhesion molecules in the omentum. These findings suggest that the nature of the inflammation is the main determining factor for the omental function in intraabdominal events. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Gastroesophageal reflux in children with asthma and the effect of antireflux treatment on asthma(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2009) Soyer, Tutku; Soyer, Ozge Uysal; Cakmak, MuratAlthough, the relationship between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux has been known for years, diagnosis and treatment of asthma triggered gastroesophageal reflux is still controversial. The studies that aimed to evaluate the relation of asthma and reflux and results of antireflux treatment are insufficient to explain the topic. The aim of this review is to present the results of studies about asthma, reflux and efficacy of antireflux treatment.Öğe In vitro sensitivity of rat esophagus to agonists in different alkaline mediums(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2012) Hancerliogullari, Oymen; Cakmak, Murat; Soyer, Tutku; Aktuna, ZuhalAim: An in vitro study was performed to determine the in vitro sensitivity of rat esophagi to contracting and relaxing agonists in different alkaline mediums. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were included in the study. After inducing anesthesia with thiopental sodium (50 mg/kg), the rats were killed, and the distal esophagus (DE) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) were removed. Excised tissues were suspended under 0.6 g of resting tension in a tissue bath containing 10 mL of Tyrode solution at 37 degrees C. The esophageal segments were divided into 4 groups, each with a different pH medium: 7.4, 7.6, 7.8, and 8. To evaluate the smooth muscle activity of the rat esophagus in different alkaline mediums, cholinergic agonist carbachol (a cholinergic agonosit) and KCl (which acts on calcium channels) were added to the organ baths to obtain concentration-dependent contraction responses. Relaxation responses were obtained using an adrenergic agonist, isoproterenole. Data obtained from different pH mediums were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance and post hoc Dunn's test. Results: The pH of the medium has no effect on the concentration-dependent contracting responses to carbachol in the DE, but responses obtained in pH 8 medium were significantly lower in the GEJ (P < .05). In pH 8 medium, concentration-dependent relaxation responses to isoproterenole were also significantly lower (P < .05). When contractile responses to KCl were evaluated, the groups with pH 7.6 and 7.8 medium were found to have higher responses in the DE segments than other groups (P < .05). However, the GEJ segments had lower contractile responses to KCl in pH 8 medium (P < .05). Conclusion: Although different alkaline mediums caused no alteration in esophageal smooth muscle responses to cholinergic stimulation, GEJ responses were lower in pH 8 medium. Relaxation responses, owing to increased adrenergic activity, decreased when the pH of the medium was increased to 8. Calcium-dependent contractions caused by KCl decreased in both segments in pH 8 medium but increased in the DE in pH 7.6 medium. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Intrascrotal Extratesticular Neurofibroma as a Possible Cause of Failed Descent in Ipsilateral Testis(All India Inst Medical Sciences, 2012) Soyer, Tutku; Vargel, Ibrahim; Ayva, Sebnem; Cavusoglu, Tarik; Cesur, Ozkan; Bulbul, Selda; Cakmak, MuratIntrascrotal extratesticular neurofibromas (IEN) often originate from genitofemoral nerve (GFN) and present as a paratesticular mass. Synchronous presence of IEN and undescended testis has not been reported previously. A 12-year-old boy with neurocutaneous syndrome and congenital giant melanocytic nevi along with IEN and ipsilateral undescended testis is presented, to discuss the underlying pathophysiology of failed testicular descent in the presence of IEN.Öğe Ischemia-reperfusion injury of rabbit ovary and protective effect of trapidil: an experimental study(Springer, 2008) Somuncu, Salih; Cakmak, Murat; Dikmen, Gunnur; Akman, Huelya; Kaya, MuratWe aimed to detect the protective effect of trapidil in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury due to ovarian torsion and detorsion. Thirty-two pubertal New Zealand albino rabbits were used. Adnexal torsion was created by rotating the left adnexa including the tubal and ovarian vessels in a 360 clockwise direction. Adnexal detorsion was done by untwisting the adnexa. In the IR group, left oopherectomy was performed after 3 h of adnexal torsion and 3 h of adnexal detorsion. In the study group, a 3-h adnexal torsion was performed and trapidil was administered intraperitoneally as a single dose of 40 mg/kg, 1 h before detorsion. The left oopherectomy was performed after a 3-h adnexal detorsion. In the sham group, sham operation was performed followed by left oopherectomy. In the control group, normal ovarian tissue was evaluated. Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of ovarian tissue were determined for each group. The values of SOD and GSH-Px activities in the IR group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, the MDA level was significantly higher in the IR group (P < 0.01). The trapidil-administered group showed significant increase in the levels of GSH-Px (P < 0.05), catalase (P < 0.05), SOD (P < 0.05), and decreased MDA levels (P < 0.05) compared to those in the IR group. The study has shown that trapidil treatment prevents ischemia induced oxidative damage in the ovarian tissues of rabbits.Öğe Myofibroblastoma of Breast in a Male Infant(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Sebnem; Senyucel, Mine F.; Senyucel, Cagri; Aslan, Mustafa K.; Cakmak, MuratBreast masses are very rare in infants and premature telarche due to excessive endogen or exogenous estrogens is the most common presentation during infancy. Myofibroblastoma is a stromal tumor of the breast, occurring especially in elder males. This breast mass has a close relationship between androgen receptors and has not been reported in infants previously. A 10-month old male baby with a left breast mass, which is diagnosed as myofibroblastoma, is discussed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment modalities of breast myofibroblastomas in children.Öğe Pepsin levels and oxidative stress markers in exhaled breath condensate of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2013) Soyer, Tutku; Soyer, Ozge Uysal; Birben, Esra; Kisa, Ucler; Kalayci, Omer; Cakmak, MuratAim: To evaluate the pepsin and oxidative stress markers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients and Method: Patients with a presumptive diagnosis of GERD with recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal problems aged between 2 and 14 years were included in the study. All patients underwent pH monitoring. Patients with a reflux index (RI) >= 4 were assessed as the reflux group, and those with an RO <4 were assessed as the non-reflux group. Pepsin levels and oxidative stress markers [NO metabolites (NOX) and total sulphydrile (TSH) levels] were measured in the EBC. Results: There were 24 patients in the reflux group [RI 17.6 (6.6-46.4)] [median, interquartile range] and 23 in the non-reflux group [RI 0.8 (0.5-1.9) (p < 0.001). Pepsin levels in the EBC were below the level of detection. The median levels of NOx in the EBC of children with reflux [13.7 mu mol/L (7.3-24.5)] were lower in than non-reflux group [21.0 mu mol/L (14.0-25.2)] (p = 0.034). There was a negative correlation between reflux index and NOX levels in EBC (rs: -0.331, p = 0.023). In contrast, there was no difference in TSH levels between the reflux and non-reflux groups [37.4 mu mol/L (30.2-44.6) vs 40.1 mu mol/L (37.4-44.9), respectively, (p > 0.05)]. Conclusion: Decreased levels of NOX in patients with GER disease suggest increased oxidative stress in airways of these patients. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
