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Öğe Experimental listeriosis in rabbits: Biochemical changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2004) Pamukcu, T; Yarim, GF; Kabakci, N; Yarim, M; Duru, OThis study was focused on serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical changes in experimental Listeria monocytogenes infection in rabbits. Total of 20 New Zealand White rabbits were used. 14 New Zealand White rabbits were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (L.m. 1/2a) by intracerebral way and 6 rabbits served as controls. Ten hours after the inoculation of the bacteria the rabbits developed symptoms of meningitis, with stiffness of the neck and fever. The existence and the severity of the inflammatory reaction were controlled by microscopic observation. The presence of bacteria into the cytoplasm of neutrophils and macrophages localised in inflammatory areas was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis using rabbit polyclonal antibodies. We have analysed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) the concentrations of glucose, total protein, and the enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). After intracerebral inoculation of bacteria the glucose concentrations in the serum and CSF decreased to 428.69 +/- 5.50 mg/l and 309.56 +/- 3.93 mg/l (mean +/- SE) respectively compared to control values of 975.33 +/- 84.34 mg/l and 689.22 +/- 65.13 mg/l (p less than or equal to 0.001). Total protein contents, the activities ofASAT, ALAT and LDH in the serum of infected animals increased to 98.92 +/- 1.97 g/l, 327.87 +/- 22.18 U/l, 292.39 +/- 4.66 U/l, 153.28 +/- 3.04 U/l respectively compared to 64.42 +/- 1.14 g/l, 67.91 +/- 7.79 U/l, 74.25 +/- 1.79 U/l, 49.35 +/- 1.20 U/l in control rabbits. In CSF, increases in total protein concentrations and in enzyme activities were also evidenced in inoculated rabbits. Moreover, serum and CSF LDH activities were correlated with brain injury (p < 0.05).Öğe The expression of CD14 antigen in experimental encephalitic listeriosis in rabbits(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2004) Kabakci, N; Yarim, MThe present study examined the distribution of Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (L.m. 1/2a) and the antigen CD14 by using immunohistochemical methods in the brain of healthy and experimentally infected rabbits with L.m. 1/2a. The ten New Zealand White rabbits were inoculated by intracerebral route, and 4 rabbits were used for control. Only the brains of the animals were removed during necropsy, and they were analysed by conventional histological techniques. By Haematoxylin and Eosin staining all L.m. 1/2a inoculated rabbits presented meningitis or meningoencephalitis. In healthy rabbits, the immunohistochemical staining of brains for CD14 was very slight and seen only in the lumen of the vessels, whereas, in infected rabbits the CD14 immunoreactivity was more prominent especially in inflammation areas of parenchyma and meninges. Moreover, the CD14 positive immunostainings were seen massively in L.m. positive inflamed areas. The present study provides the immunohistochemical expression of CD14 and L.monocytogenes antigen in the brain and a positive correlation was obtained between CD14 and this infectious agent.Öğe Immunohistochemical investigation of cerebellum in dogs infected with canine distemper virus(Akademiai Kiado, 2004) Kabakci, N; Yarim, M; Karahan, S; Guvenc, T; Yagci, BB; Gurcan, ISThe cerebella of 21 dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) infection and four normal dogs were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Cerebella of CDV-infected dogs showed nonsuppurative demyelinating encephalomyelitis, classified as acute, subacute or chronic. Immunolocalisation of CDV antigen also confirmed the infection. Tissues were examined for co-localisation of the CDV antigen with either an astrocyte-specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or an oligodendrocyte-specific marker, galactocerebroside (GalC). Immunoreactive cells were counted in demyelinating areas of the white matter. The number of astrocytes (GFAP positive) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in CDV-infected dogs compared to controls. In contrast, the number of oligodendrocytes (GalC positive) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in CDV-infected dogs and was much lower in chronic cases (p < 0.05). Approximately 41% of astrocytes and 17% of oligodendrocytes were immunoreactive for CDV. The ratio of CDV-infected oligodendrocytes and astrocytes remained almost constant during the progression of the disease (P > 0.05). In conclusion, CDV infects both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The gradual loss of oligodendrocytes is most likely responsible for the progressive demyelination in CDV infection. Astrocytosis in CDV infection should be further investigated if it occurs to stimulate oligodendrocytes for myelin production to compensate for the loss or to induce oligodendrocyte degeneration.Öğe Immunohistochemical localisation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in Sarcocystis spp.(Springer, 2004) Yarim, M; Yildiz, K; Kabakci, N; Karahan, S3beta-Hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) is an isoenzyme that catalyses an essential step in the synthesis of all classes of active steroid hormones. The presence of steroid hormones of the vertebrate type in invertebrates is acknowledged in addition to a group of steroid-like hormones called ecdysteroids that were present in arthropods and helminths. In the present study, 3beta-HSD was detected in the bradyzoites enclosed in sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp. with immunohistochemistry. The results suggest that self-originating steroid hormones may play important roles in the development of Sarcocystis spp., and possibly in the regulation of the reciprocal immune interaction between the host and these parasites.Öğe Neurosteroidogenesis in oligodendrocytes and Purkinje neurones of cerebellar cortex of dogs(Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2004) Yarim, M; Kabakci, NThe cerebellum is a steroidogenic organ that expresses steroidogenic enzymes and produces neurosteroids. Purkinje neurones appear to be the most active steroidogenic cells in the cerebellar cortex. These neurones express 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), 17alpha-hydroxylase/c17, 201yase (P450c17), P450 aromatase (P450arom) and produce pregnenolone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedion, oestradion and oestrone. Oligodendrocytes are predominantly the producer of myeline protein. The oligodendrocytes were identified by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against myeline 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), a myeline specific enzyme. In this study we have examined the distribution of 3beta-HSD and CNPase by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody in canine cerebellar cortex. The localization of oligodendrocytes within the cerebellar cortex was determined to be close to Purkinje neurones. This result suggests that endogenous progesterone synthesized de novo in the Purkinje neurone can promote myeline protein synthesis in oligodentrocytes.Öğe Pathological changes of tench intestines infected with Pomphorhynchus laevis(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2004) Yildiz, K; Kabackci, N; Yarim, MIn the present study, the pathological changes of intestines from tench (Tinea tinca), naturally infected with Pomphorhynchus laevis, were investigated. The parasites were found both in host's alimentary canal and extraintestinal position. R laevis were found between I and 15 infected fish. On histological examination, it was noticed that all layers of the host intestine were disrupted at the attachment site of acanthocephalan. The response of tench at the attachment site of P. laevis was thickening of lamina propria and cellular infiltration. Although extension of the fibroblasts around R laevis penetration was observed, it was not completely capsule formation.
