The content and health risk assessment of selected elements in bee pollen and propolis from Turkey

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dc.authoridEkici, Husamettin/0000-0001-6403-737X
dc.authoridALUC, YASAR/0000-0002-2650-2290
dc.authoridSevin, Sedat/0000-0003-0475-9092
dc.authoridYipel, Mustafa/0000-0002-6390-9313
dc.contributor.authorTutun, Hidayet
dc.contributor.authorAluc, Yasar
dc.contributor.authorKahraman, Hatice Ahu
dc.contributor.authorSevin, Sedat
dc.contributor.authorYipel, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorEkici, Husamettin
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-21T16:44:56Z
dc.date.available2025-01-21T16:44:56Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentKırıkkale Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to determine the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, V, and Zn, in pollen and propolis samples collected from migratory beekeeping areas in Turkey. A health risk assessment was performed to identify the potential risk of these PTEs to consumers in terms of public health. Concentrations of the elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The most abundant element in the bee pollen and propolis samples was Fe, with average concentrations of 47.3 and 390 mg kg(-1), respectively, followed by Al, Zn, Mn and Sn. Concentrations of all elements except Cu, Mn and Sn were higher in propolis than in pollen. The concentrations of Fe, Al, and Zn in the propolis samples were over eight, seven, and two times higher than in the bee pollen samples, respectively. Se, Cd, and Hg in pollen and Se and Cd in propolis were below the detection limits. Pb, Co, and Cr were detected below 0.62, 0.06, and 0.91 mg kg(-1), in pollen samples, respectively. Co and Hg were detected below 0.68, and 0.18 mg kg(-1), in propolis samples, respectively. Detection of the PTEs contamination level and assessment of the health risks in pollen and propolis is necessary to ascertain quality and safety before consumption. In this study, we concluded that bee pollen and propolis may be good indicators for the screening of environmental pollution with PTEs and standards regulating acceptable concentrations of these pollutants in bee products should be established. In addition, it has been determined that consumption at the specified rates does not pose a risk. This study suggests the determination of admissible concentrations of PTEs in bee pollen and propolis.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104234
dc.identifier.issn0889-1575
dc.identifier.issn1096-0481
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85117708401
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104234
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/25553
dc.identifier.volume105
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000713194700009
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAcademic Press Inc Elsevier Science
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Food Composition and Analysis
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241229
dc.subjectPropolis; Pollen; Food safety; Potentially toxic elements; Health risk assessment
dc.titleThe content and health risk assessment of selected elements in bee pollen and propolis from Turkey
dc.typeArticle

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