Concentration of essential and non-essential elements and carcinogenic / non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of commercial bee pollens from Turkey

dc.contributor.authorSevin, Sedat
dc.contributor.authorTutun, Hidayet
dc.contributor.authorYipel, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorAluç, Yaşar
dc.contributor.authorEkici, Hüsamettin
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-21T16:27:10Z
dc.date.available2025-01-21T16:27:10Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentKırıkkale Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Bee pollen, known as a natural super-food with valuable nutritional ingredients, is regarded as a good indicator of ecotoxic substances, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Therefore, this study aims to examine the concentrations of selected PTEs (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Zn) in bee pollen purchased from online markets in Turkey and perform a health risk assessment to identify the potential risk to consumers. Methods: The quantitative analyses were conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results: The mean values of essential PTEs in decreasing content order were Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Se > Cr > Mo >Co = V. Regarding the results of the study, daily consumption (40 g for adult or 20 g for children) of commercial bee pollen can recompense 20–35 % of daily Cu, Mn, Se requirements for children, adults, pregnant, and breastfeeding women. The decreasing content order of non-essential elements was Al > Sn > Sr > Ba > Pb > As. Cadmium and Hg concentrations were below the detection limits in all the samples. In terms of food and public health; detection of the PTEs concentrations is necessary to assess the quality and safety of bee pollen before consumption. According to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments; commercial pollen consumption does not pose a health risk to either children or adults for the PTEs monitored in this study. Conclusion: We conclude that bee pollen is an ideal indicator for the monitoring of environmental pollution of PTEs and also a valuable source of essential elements. This study highlights the need to develop standards that regulate acceptable concentrations of PTEs. © 2022 Elsevier GmbH
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127104
dc.identifier.issn0946-672X
dc.identifier.pmid36427435
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85143644346
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127104
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/23281
dc.identifier.volume75
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier GmbH
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241229
dc.subjectBee pollen; Estimated daily intake; ICP-OES; PTEs; Risk assessment
dc.titleConcentration of essential and non-essential elements and carcinogenic / non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of commercial bee pollens from Turkey
dc.typeArticle

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