Il. Dünya Savaşı’nda Türkistan Lejyonu: Kuruluşu, Faaliyetleri Ve Türkiye’nin Yaklaşımları
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2019
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Almanya’nın Polonya’ya saldırısı ile birlikte başlayan II. Dünya Savaşı, Dünya tarihinin o güne kadar gördüğü en şiddetli ve kanlı savaşıdır. II. Dünya Savaşının en önemli kırılma noktalarından birini ise Barbarossa Harekâtı oluşturmuştur. 1941 yılında Almanlarca başlatılan Barbarossa Harekâtı esnasında yaklaşık üç milyon SSCB askeri esir edilmiştir. Alman Esir kamplarında hayatta kalma mücadelesi veren esirlerin çoğu, Türkistan coğrafyasından silahaltına alınan SSCB askerleridir. Savaş esnasında kurulan Alman Doğu Bakanlığı aracılığıyla Türkistanlı savaş esirlerinin durumu değerlendirilmiş; özellikle Türksoylu esirlerin durumlarının iyileştirilesi ve Kızılordu’ya karşı savaştırılması için komiteler oluşturulmuştu. SSCB coğrafyasının değişik yerlerinde yaşayan Türk halklarının lideri konumundaki önemli isimler de bu komitelerde bir araya getirilmişti. Bu kapsamda Mustafa Çokay, Veli Kayyum Han, Alihan Kantemir, Ahmet Temir, Osman Hocaoğlu, Mehmet Emin Buğra, Mehmet Emin Resul-zade ve Cafer Saydahmet gibi lider isimler yoğun bir mesai harcamışlardır. Alman Doğu Bakanlığının kontrolünde gerçekleştirilen komite çalışmalarıyla savaş esirlerinden Doğu Lejyonları kurulmuştu. Türkistan Lejyonu da 1942 yılının Ocak ayında kurulmuştu. Türkistan Lejyonunun dışında Azerbaycan, İdil-Ural, Gürcü ve Ermeni Lejyonlarını da kurularak Kızılorduya karşı savaştırmışlardır. Mustafa Çokay’ın kısa süre sonra ölümüyle Türkistan Lejyonu için düşünülen isim Veli Kayyum Han olmuştur. Türk Hükümeti ve kamuoyundaki Türkçü çevreler de bu süreci yakından takip etmiş ve desteklemişlerdi. Türkistan Lejyonu ilk önce Doğu Cephesi’nde Kızıl Ordu ile savaştırılmış, 1943’te de Batı Cephesi’ne kaydırılmıştı. Türkistanlı askerler gerek Doğu Cephesinde Kızıl Ordu ile gerekse Batı Cephesinde Müttefik Kuvvetlerle savaşırken ağır kayıplar vermişlerdir. Almanya’nın savaşı kaybetmesi üzerine ABD ve İngiltere tarafından esir edilen Türksoylu askerler, Sovyetler Birliği’ne teslim edilmiş; Sovyetler Birliği de bu askerleri “Vatan Haini” ilan ederek idâm etmişti. Türkiye ise savaş sonunda ortaya çıkan şartlar gereği, Türksoylu askerlerin idâmlarına ve sürgünlere tepkisiz kalmıştı. Araştırmanın amacı, Türkistan Lejyonunun nasıl oluşturulduğu, hangi cephelerde savaştırıldığı ve akıbetlerinin ne olduğunu ortaya koymaktır.
Germany began with the attack on Poland II. World War is the most violent and bloody war in the history of the world. One of the most important breaking points of World War II was the Operation Barbarossa. During the Barbarossa Operation, which was started by the Germans in 1941, approximately three million USSR soldiers were captured. Most of the prisoners who struggled to survive in German prison camps were USSR soldiers who were taken under arms from Turkestan geography. The situation of the prisoners of war from Turkestan was evaluated through the German Eastern Ministry established during the war; committees were set up to improve the situation of the prisoners of Turkish origin and to fight against the Red Army. These committees were brought together as important leaders of the Turkish peoples living in different parts of the USSR geography. In this context, leaders such as Mustafa Çokay, Veli Kayyum Han, Alihan Kantemir, Ahmet Temir, Osman Hocaoğlu, Mehmet Emin Buğra, Mehmet Emin Resul-zade and Cafer Saydahmet spent a lot of work. With the work of the committee under the control of the German East Ministry, Eastern Legions were formed from prisoners of war. The Turkestan Legion was established in January 1942. Apart from the Turkestan Legion, Azerbaijan, Idil-Ural, Georgian and Armenian Legions were established and fought against the Red Army. After the death of Mustafa Çokay, Veli Kayyum Han was considered the name of the Turkestan Legion. The Turkish Government and the Turkic elite circles in the public sector closely followed and supported this process. The Turkestan Legion was first fought with the Red Army on the Eastern Front, and in 1943 it was shifted to the Western Front. The soldiers of Turkestan suffered heavy losses both during the Red Army on the Eastern Front and the Allied Forces on the Western Front. When Germany lost the war, soldiers of Turkish origin who were captured by the US and Britain were handed over to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union executed these soldiers by declaring them "traitors". Turkey should conditions arise at the end of the war, the soldiers of Turkish origin remained unresponsive to the executions and exile. The aim of the research is to reveal how the Turkestan Legion was formed, on which fronts it was fought, and what their fate was.
Germany began with the attack on Poland II. World War is the most violent and bloody war in the history of the world. One of the most important breaking points of World War II was the Operation Barbarossa. During the Barbarossa Operation, which was started by the Germans in 1941, approximately three million USSR soldiers were captured. Most of the prisoners who struggled to survive in German prison camps were USSR soldiers who were taken under arms from Turkestan geography. The situation of the prisoners of war from Turkestan was evaluated through the German Eastern Ministry established during the war; committees were set up to improve the situation of the prisoners of Turkish origin and to fight against the Red Army. These committees were brought together as important leaders of the Turkish peoples living in different parts of the USSR geography. In this context, leaders such as Mustafa Çokay, Veli Kayyum Han, Alihan Kantemir, Ahmet Temir, Osman Hocaoğlu, Mehmet Emin Buğra, Mehmet Emin Resul-zade and Cafer Saydahmet spent a lot of work. With the work of the committee under the control of the German East Ministry, Eastern Legions were formed from prisoners of war. The Turkestan Legion was established in January 1942. Apart from the Turkestan Legion, Azerbaijan, Idil-Ural, Georgian and Armenian Legions were established and fought against the Red Army. After the death of Mustafa Çokay, Veli Kayyum Han was considered the name of the Turkestan Legion. The Turkish Government and the Turkic elite circles in the public sector closely followed and supported this process. The Turkestan Legion was first fought with the Red Army on the Eastern Front, and in 1943 it was shifted to the Western Front. The soldiers of Turkestan suffered heavy losses both during the Red Army on the Eastern Front and the Allied Forces on the Western Front. When Germany lost the war, soldiers of Turkish origin who were captured by the US and Britain were handed over to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union executed these soldiers by declaring them "traitors". Turkey should conditions arise at the end of the war, the soldiers of Turkish origin remained unresponsive to the executions and exile. The aim of the research is to reveal how the Turkestan Legion was formed, on which fronts it was fought, and what their fate was.
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Tarih Okulu Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
12
Sayı
41
Künye
Aydın M. (2019). Il. Dünya Savaşı’nda Türkistan Lejyonu: Kuruluşu, Faaliyetleri Ve Türkiye’nin Yaklaşımları. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 12(41), 621 - 663.
