İslam hukukunda taksirle insan öldürme
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
TCK'nin 22. maddesinde dikkat ve özen yükümlülüğüne aykırılık olarak tanımlanan taksir; İslam hukukçuları tarafından aynı içeriğe sahip olmak üzere "hata" kavramı içerisinde inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Teknolojik gelişmelerin beraberinde getirmiş olduğu tehlikelerle özellikle son yüzyıllarda daha da önem kazanan taksirden doğan cezai sorumluluk, İslam hukukunun en başından beri bilinmekte ve kabul edilmektedir. Taksirle öldürme suçunda temel düzenleme Nisâ 4/92 ayetidir. Buna göre taksirle öldürme sonrasında mağdurun yakınlarına diyet ödenmesi gerekmekte, fail kefaret ile yükümlenmektedir. Ayrıca İslam hukukçuları failin, mağdurun mirasından mahrum bırakılacağını ve yetkili yasama organının takdirinde olmak üzere failin tazir cezası ile cezalandırılabileceğini de ifade etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, taksir kavramı ve taksirle öldürme suçuna ilişkin olarak İslam ceza hukuku kurallarını günümüz ceza hukuku bakış açısıyla incelemek ve zaman zaman karşılaştırmalar yaparak iki hukuk sistemine ilişkin benzer ve farklı yönleri ortaya koyabilmektir. Bu itibarla, ilk olarak İslam hukukunda suç ve ceza kavramları, daha sonra taksir kavramının tanımı, hukuki niteliği, tarihsel gelişim süreci ve taksirin türleri modern ceza hukuku ile harmanlanarak incelenmiştir. Son olarak ise taksirle öldürme suçu kanuni, maddi, manevi ve hukuka aykırılık unsurları; suça karşılık öngörülen diyet, kefaret, miras ve vasiyetten mahrumiyet ve tazir cezası yaptırımları ve suçun yargılama süreci incelenmiş ve İslam, Osmanlı ve günümüz hukuk uygulamasından örnekler ile somutlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Negligence, which is defined as a violation of the obligation of attention and care in the Article 22 of the TCK, has been the subject of examination within the concept of "error" , with the same content, by Islamic jurists. The criminal responsibility arising from negligence, which has become even more important especially in recent centuries due to the dangers posed by technological developments, has been known and accepted since the very beginning of Islamic law. The basic regulation for the crime of manslaughter by negligence is verse Nisa 4/92. Accordingly, after the manslaughter by negligence, the relatives of the victim must be paid a blood money, and the perpetrator is obliged to atonement. In addition, Islamic jurists have stated that the perpetrator will be deprived of the victim's inheritance and that the perpetrator can be punished with a tazir penalty at the discretion of the competent legislative body. The aim of this study is to examine the Islamic criminal law rules in relation to the concept of negligence and the crime of manslaughter by negligence from the perspective of today's criminal law and to be able to reveal similar and different aspects related to the two legal systems by making comparisons from time to time. In this respect, first, the concepts of crime and punishment in Islamic law, then the definition of the concept of negligence, its legal nature, the historical development process and the types of negligence were examined by blending them with modern criminal law. Finally, the crime of manslaughter by negligence, elements of legal, material, spiritual and illegal; the sanctions of diet, expiation, deprivation of inheritance and probate and the punishment of compensation provided for in response to the crime, as well as the trial process of the crime were examined and tried to be embodied with examples from Islamic, Ottoman and today's legal practice.
Negligence, which is defined as a violation of the obligation of attention and care in the Article 22 of the TCK, has been the subject of examination within the concept of "error" , with the same content, by Islamic jurists. The criminal responsibility arising from negligence, which has become even more important especially in recent centuries due to the dangers posed by technological developments, has been known and accepted since the very beginning of Islamic law. The basic regulation for the crime of manslaughter by negligence is verse Nisa 4/92. Accordingly, after the manslaughter by negligence, the relatives of the victim must be paid a blood money, and the perpetrator is obliged to atonement. In addition, Islamic jurists have stated that the perpetrator will be deprived of the victim's inheritance and that the perpetrator can be punished with a tazir penalty at the discretion of the competent legislative body. The aim of this study is to examine the Islamic criminal law rules in relation to the concept of negligence and the crime of manslaughter by negligence from the perspective of today's criminal law and to be able to reveal similar and different aspects related to the two legal systems by making comparisons from time to time. In this respect, first, the concepts of crime and punishment in Islamic law, then the definition of the concept of negligence, its legal nature, the historical development process and the types of negligence were examined by blending them with modern criminal law. Finally, the crime of manslaughter by negligence, elements of legal, material, spiritual and illegal; the sanctions of diet, expiation, deprivation of inheritance and probate and the punishment of compensation provided for in response to the crime, as well as the trial process of the crime were examined and tried to be embodied with examples from Islamic, Ottoman and today's legal practice.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion, Hukuk
