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Öğe Apendektomi yapılan çocuklarda peritoneal sıvı kültürü elde edilecek olguların seçimi(2007) Soyer, Tutku; Türkmen, Feyza; Akman, Hülya; Kaya, Murat; Hançerlioğulları, Öymen; Cesur, Özkan; Çakmak, MuratAmaç: Apendektomi sırasında elde edilen peritoneal sıvı kültürlerinin (PSK) postoperatif takibe olan katkısı tartışmalıdır. Apendektomi yapılan çocuklarda PSK alınacak olguların seçimini belirlemek üzere prospektif bir çalışma planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Son bir yılda kliniğimizde apendektomi yapılan hastalar; yaş, cinsiyet, karın ağrısı süresi, akyuvar sayısı, peritoneal sıvı kültürü ve antibiyogramlan ile postoperatif komplikasyonlar açısından prospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Yaş, cinsiyet, karın ağrısı süresi, akyuvar sayısı ve olguların akut-perfore apendisit olması ile PSK sonuçları karşılaştınlmıştır. Tüm hastalar operasyon sonrası erken (l.ve 3. ay) ve geç (9 aydan sonra) komplikasyonlar açısından takip edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 33 hastanın yaş ortalaması 10 (5-15) yıl olup, kız erkek oranı 111.1'dir. Olguların % 63.6'sı akut (n:21), % 36.4'üperfore (n:12) apendisitdir. PSK'da üreme olmayan ve olan olgularda karın ağrısı süresinin ortancası sırasıyla 1 (1-1,24) gün ve 5 (3-10) gün olup, akyuvar sayısı ortancaları ise 13.350 (12.225-18.200) /mm3 ve 15.600 (15.400-27.800) /mm3'dür. Pozitif PSK olguları ile yanlız perfore apendisit .olguları ve karın ağrısı süresi ile ilişkilidir (p0.05, Mann Whitney-U testi). Perfore apendisit olgularında (n:7), akut apendisitlere (n:0) oranla pozitif PSK daha sıktır. (p0.05, ki-kare testi). Antibiyogramlara göre 3 hastada antibiyotik değişlikliği yapılmıştır. Akut apendisit grubunda postoperatif komplikasyona rastlanmazken, perfore apendisit olan hastaların 4'ünde (% 33.3) yara enfeksiyonu, 2'sinde adezif intestinal tıkanıklık (% 16.7) ve birinde (% 8.3) enterokutanöz fistül tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: PSK perfore apendisit nedeniyle ameliyat edilen ve başvuru anında karın ağrısı 3 günden uzun süren hastalarda, postoperatif antibiyotik sağaltımını yönlendirmek amacıyla yapılabilir.Öğe Astımlı çocuklarda gastroözefageal reflü ve antireflü tedavinin astıma etkisi(2009) Soyer, Tutku; Soyer, Uysal Özge; Çakmak, MuratÇocukluk çağındaki astım ve gastroözefageal reflü arasındaki ilişki uzun süredir bilinmekle birlikte, astımlı çocuklarda gastroözefageal reflünün tanı ve tedavisi halen tartışmalıdır. Çocuklarda astım-reflü ilişkisini ortaya koymak ve antireflü tedavinin sonuçlarını incelemek amacıylyapılan çalışmalar konuyu aydınlatmaya yeterli değildir. Bu derlemede, astım-reflü ilişkisi ve antireflü tedavinin etkinliğini değerlendiren çalışmaların sonuçlarının sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.Öğe Caustic esophageal injury decreases the number of interstitial cells of Cajal in the rat esophagus(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2010) Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Sebnem; Somuncu, Salih; Atasoy, Pinar; Kanmaz, Turan; Cakmak, MuratAim: To evaluate the effect of caustic esophageal injury (CEI) on the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) Materials and methods: Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. control, acid, and alkali induced CEI CEI was performed by the injection of 1 mL of 10% hypochloric acid in the acid group, and 1 mL of 10% sodium hydroxide was injected into the alkali group. Distal esophageal segments were removed 24 h after injection CEI was graded and the number of ICC were investigated (CD-117 staining) The number of ICC was compared in groups and correlated with CEI grades Results: Typical histopathologic features of CEI were encountered in acid (mean grade 0 25 +/- 0.15), and in alkali (median 2, range. 1 25-3) groups The number of ICC was decreased in both the acid (mean 12 8 +/- 9.2) and alkali (median 2, range 0.0-4 0) groups with respect to the control group (mean 30 5 +/- 6 5) (P < 0 05) In addition, alkali group had a decreased number of ICC, when compared to the acid group (P < 0 05) Histopathologic grading showed an inverse correlation with number of ICC in both the acid (rs: 0 678) and alkali (rs 0.759) groups Conclusion: CEI decreases the number of ICC in the rat esophagus. Alkali caustics cause a higher grade of esophageal injury and a greater decrease in the number of ICC Motility disorders after caustic ingestion may be related to the decreased number of ICCÖğe Çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematürede periton diyalizi uygulaması(2009) Aliefendioğlu, Didem; Soyer, Tutku; Çakmak, MuratPeriton diyalizi, akut böbrek yetmezliği tedavisinde yenidoğanlarda da önemli bir seçenektir. Çok küçük prematüre bebeklerin teknik güçlükler, infeksiyona bağlı yüksek mortalite, düşük kilo alımı ve komplikasyonlar nedeniyle periton diyalizi için uygun aday olup olmadıkları ise tartışmalıdır. Burada, akut böbrek yetmezliği nedeniyle periton diyalizi uygulanan ve kaybedilen iki prematüre bebek aracılığıyla, çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebeklerde periton diyalizi uygulamasının ve teknik zorlukların sunulması amaçlanmıştır.Öğe Colonic lithobezoar: a rare cause of partial intestinal obstruction(Turkish J Pediatrics, 2013) Boybeyi, Ozlem; Albayrak, Meryem; Aslan, M. Kemal; Soyer, TutkuBezoar is the accumulation of indigestible foreign substances in the digestive tract and a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in children. The accumulation of stones within the digestive system is called lithobezoar, and the colon is the rarest site for accumulation. A 13-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with colicky abdominal pain and constipation. She had been unable to pass her stool for the last six days and had passed stones-containing stools previously. She had a history of pica and iron-deficient anemia. The case is presented to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic features of partial colonic obstruction secondary to colonic lithobezoar accumulation.Öğe A Comment on the Pulmonary Contusion Model Reply(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2016) Boybeyi, Ozlem; Soyer, Tutku…Öğe A comparison of dysfunctional voiding scores between patients with nocturnal enuresis and healthy children(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2014) Boybeyi, Ozlem; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Durmus, Emine Gul; Ozmen, Ismail; Soyer, TutkuBackground/aim: To compare dysfunctional voiding symptom scores (DVSSs) between enuretic children and nonenuretic controls and to investigate associated factors that may affect DVSS. Materials and methods: A questionnaire including demographic features, educational status of parents, DVSS questions, and urinary tract infection (UTI) history was designed. A total of 269 patients were included; Group 1 comprised 161 patients with no voiding symptoms and Group 2 comprised 108 patients with nocturnal enuresis (NE). Children with DVSS of greater than 8.5 were suspected to have dysfunctional voiding. The results were evaluated using SPSS 15.0 with Kruskal-Wallis and multivariate logistic regression tests. Results: The median DVSS was 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-3) in Group 1 and 8 (IQR: 5-12) in Group 2. The percentage of children with DVSS greater than 8.5 was 0.6% in Group 1 and 53.1% in Group 2 (P = 0.01). The percentage of children with UTI history was significantly higher in Group 2 (34.3%) than Group 1 (15.9%) (P = 0.03). An increase in the educational level of the father decreased DVSS by 0.5-fold. Presence of UTI history increased DVSS 2.5-fold. Conclusion: The DVSS is a rapid, easy tool for determining abnormal voiding parameters in children. Children with NE had higher DVSSs, which was significantly affected by the father's educational status and the child's UTI history.Öğe Comparison of growth factor levels in patients with normal and hypospadiac prepuce(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2011) Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Ebru Sebnem; Atasoy, Pinar; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Cakmak, Ahmet MuratAim: To compare the growth factor levels in patients with normal and hypospadiac prepuce. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent hypospadias repair were included in the study. The prepuce was excised after achieving successful hypospadias repair with satisfactory functional and cosmetic appearance. The patients who underwent preputial reconstructions and complicated repairs were excluded. The control group consists of boys without hypospadias. Elective circumcision was performed to have normal preputial samples. The VEGF levels, VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and TGF-beta receptor (TGF-beta-R) expressions were evaluated in preputial tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Fifteen patients were included in each group. The mean age of patients with normal and hypospadiac prepuce was 4.33 +/- 1.39 and 4.07 +/- 1.58, respectively (P>0.05). Although VEGF, VEGFR, and TGF-beta-R levels were decreased in hypospadiac prepuce, statistical significance was detected only in VEGF levels (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusion: The decreased levels of VEGF obtained from patients with hypospadiac prepuce suggest a structural anomaly related with angiogenesis. This structural difference can be considered one of the factors causing impaired wound healing and recurrent complications after preputial reconstructions in hypospadias repair.Öğe Comparison of the effect of contrast medium, air, and ozone on ischemia/reperfusion injury due to experimental intussusception model(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2013) Senyucel, Mine Fedakar; Ayva, Ebru Sebnem; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Boybeyi, Ozlem; Soyer, Tutku; Aksoy, Nurkan; Cakmak, Ahmet MuratAim: To compare effects of contrast medium, air, and ozone on ischemia/reperfusion injury due to intussusception. Materials and methods: Thirty Wistar rats were allocated into five groups (n = 6). In the control group (CG), 2 cm of colonic segment, 5 cm distal to ileocecal valve, was removed. Intussusception was performed at 5 cm distal to the ileocecal valve by pushing a proximal intestinal segment distally by stile in experimental groups. One hour later, in the sham-operated group (SG), manual reduction was performed. In the reduction groups, reduction of intussusception was performed by contrast medium (CMG, 1/1 diluted omnipaqueR, infusion rate 2 mL/min), by air (AG, Pmax = 60 mmHg), or by ozone (OG, 10 mu g/mL, 0.5 mg/kg, Pmax = 60 mmHg). One hour after reduction, 2 cm of colonic segment was removed. Colonic tissues were evaluated for histopathological grades and oxidative injury markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], nitric oxide [NO], and total sulfhydryl [T-SH] values). Results: Mucosal injury score was significantly higher in AG then in CG or SG (P < 0.05). There was no difference regarding mucosal injury between the other groups (P > 0.05). MDA levels were significantly higher and NO levels were significantly lower in CMG, OG, and AG than in CG (P < 0.05). There was no difference between OG and the other experimental groups in both MDA and NO levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: None of the reduction methods in intussusception have superiority over others in preventing ischemia/reperfusion injury.Öğe Difficulties in Diagnosing Sexual Abuse in Children with Condyloma Acuminata in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Bulbul, Selda; Demirceken, Fulya; Cakir, Baris; Cakir, Elif Pinar; Unlu, Erdal; Soyer, TutkuHuman papillomavirus is responsible for anogenital warts and could be regarded as an indicator of possible sexual abuse in children. A genital wart was detected during an investigation of anti-hepatitis C virus positivity in a four-year-old male patient. No pathological findings of another sexually transmitted disease were found except complete cleft palate and circumferential lesions in the perianal region. No family member was anti-hepatitis C virus positive, but the patient's uncle and his wife had genital condylomata. Although detailed physical examination uncovered no other findings indicative of sexual abuse, suspicion of abuse could not be eliminated. Therefore, we wanted to draw the attention of health professionals to the association of anogenital warts and sexual abuse.Öğe Does penile tourniquet application alter bacterial adhesion to rat urethral cells: an in vitro study(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2018) Boybeyi-Turer, Ozlem; Kacmaz, Birgul; Arat, Esra; Atasoy, Pinar; Kisa, Ucler; Gunal, Yasemin Dere; Soyer, TutkuPurpose: To investigate the effects of penile tourniquet (PT) application on bacterial adhesion to urothelium. Methods: Fifty-six ratswere allocated into control group (CG), shamgroup (SG), PT group (PTG). No intervention was applied in CG. A 5mm-length urethral repair was performed in SG and PTG. In PTG, a 10-min duration of PT was applied during the procedure and the tissue oxygenation monitor was used to adjust the same degree of ischemia in all subjects. Sampleswere examined for wound healing parameters and tissue levels of inflammatory markers, eNOS, e-selectin, and ICAM-1antibodies. The adhesion of Escherichia coli to urotheliumwas investigated with in vitro adhesion assay. Results: Inflammation was higher and wound healing was worse in SG than CG and in PTG in comparison to CG and SG (p < 0.05). The endothelial damage, as shown by eNOS expression, was significantly higher in PTG compared to CG and SG (p < 0.05). The staining with ICAM-1 and e-selectin antibodies, showing increased inflammatory response to bacterial adhesion, was significantly higher in PTG compared to CG and SG (p < 0.05). In vitro urethral cell proliferation was achieved only in CG and SG revealing significantly increased adhesion in SG compared to CG (p < 0.05). The PT application caused endothelial corruption and prevented cell proliferation in cell culture. Conclusion: The PT application does not improve wound healing and increases bacterial adhesion molecules in penile tissue. The in vitro assays showed that PT causes severe endothelial damage and inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. (c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Dysfunctional voiding in children with asthma(Bmj Publishing Group, 2013) Soyer, Özge Uysal; Kılınçoğlu, Betül; Şenyücel, Mine Fedakar; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Çakmak, Murat; Dallar, Yıldız; Soyer, TutkuA prospective study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of suspected dysfunctional voiding (DV) and associated risk factors in children with asthma. The DV is defined as any voiding symptoms and/or urinary incontinence. Children (4-10-year-old) with asthma (n=178) and healthy subjects (n=197) were enrolled. DV and Incontinence Scoring System were administrated. Demographic features and asthma related characteristics were recorded. Suspected DV was noted in 19 (27.9%) of patients with asthma and 5 (6.6%) of healthy subjects in children younger than 6 years of age (p=0.001). In this patient group, asthma increased the risk of suspected DV (OR=5.7 (95% CI 1.988 to 16.344)). Children with asthma older than 6 years of age had similar prevalence of suspected DV but they had higher frequency of voiding and urgency. Asthma is associated with higher DV symptom scores in younger children who have already completed toilet training and with some of DV symptoms such as frequency and urgency in older children.Öğe The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Clinical Course of Appendicitis in Children(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2012) Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Cesur, Ozkan; Soyer, Tutku; Hancerliogullari, Oymen; Turkmen, Feyza; Cakmak, MuratObjective: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical course of appendicitis in children. Material and Methods: Patients between 6 and 18 years of age, who had undergone appendectomy in the last 2 years, were evaluated for age, sex, BMI, time from the beginning of complaints to diagnosis, acute Or perforated appendicitis, duration of hospitalization and complications retrospectively. BMI was evaluated according to percentiles developed for Turkish children between 6 and 18 years of age. Patients with percentiles between 10 to 75 were accepted as the normal BMI group, lower than 10 was the low BMI group and more than 75 was assessed as the high BMI group. Results: Ninety-six patients were included in the study. The median age was 13 (min: 6, max:16) in the normal BMI group [n=37, male/female (M/F)=1.84], 12(6-16) in the low BMI group (n=38, M/F=1.53) and 9(6-15) in the high BMI group (n=21, M/F=3.2). The acute/perforated appendicitis ratios were 3.1, 2.8 and 1.3, respectively in the normal, low and high BMI groups. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the time from the beginning of complaints to diagnosis and duration of hospitalization (p>0.05). Although complication rates showed no difference between the normal and low BMI groups, the high BMI group had a higher incidence of complications compared to the normal and low BMI groups (p=0.04 and p=0.018,respectively). The follow-up period of the patients were 2 months to 2 years and the most common complication was wound infection. Conclusion: Children with high BMI have higher complication rates during the clinical course of appendicitis compared to children with low and normal BMI.Öğe The effect of experimentally induced carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on intra-abdominal and intra-esophageal pH(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2009) Soyer, Tutku; Aydos, Tolga Resat; Aktuna, Zuhal; Korkut, Oguzhan; Ozmanoglu, Goekhan; Hancerliogullari, Oeymen; Cakmak, MuratAim: An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on intra-abdominal (IA) and intra-esophageal (IE) pH. Material and methods: The study included 18 Wistar rats. In the control group (n = 6) a pH catheter was inserted into the peritoneal cavity via a left upper quadrant incision and another catheter was inserted into the lower esophagus via the oral route. Pre- and post-insufflation IA and IE pH were recorded every 5 min for 1 h. In the experimental groups, in addition to pH catheters, a 16-G catheter was inserted into the abdomen above the umbilicus. In the O-2 group (n = 6) 95% O-2 and 5% CO2 were insufflated with a pressure of 10 mmHg. In the CO2 group (n = 6), CO2 was insufflated with the same pressure and duration. Results: In the CO2 group, IA and IE pH values significantly decreased (P < 0.05). IA pH values decreased in the CO2 group when compared to the control and O-2 groups (P < 0.05). There was not a significant difference in IE pH between the CO2 group and the other groups. Conclusion: CO2 insufflation decreased IA pH values. Decreased pH values obtained with continuous recordings of the esophagus may have been related to increases in intra-abdominal pressure, rather than the metabolic effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum.Öğe The effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal in rabbit renal pelvis and proximal ureter(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2015) Boybeyi, Ozlem; Fedakar Senyucel, Mine; Ayva, Ebru Sebnem; Soyer, Tutku; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Basar, Mehmet Murad; Cakmak, Ahmet MuratBackground/aim: An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on the distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in rabbit renal pelvis and proximal ureter. Materials and methods: Six New Zealand rabbits were included. Right kidneys were exposed to a total of 3000 shock waves (14 kV) by using an electrohydraulic-type ESWL device. Right sides were allocated as the ESWL group (EG, n = 6) and left sides as the control group (CG, n = 6). Tissues were harvested on day 7. Tissues were examined histopathologically for the presence of edema, inflammation, congestion, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and vascularization. Mast cell tryptase and CD117 (c-kit) staining was performed for ICC distribution. Results: Although increased tissue edema in renal pelvises and increased inflammation in ureters were observed in EG, no statistical difference was detected between groups (P > 0.05). In CG, positive CD117 staining was detected in 2 renal pelvises and ureters. None of the EG samples showed CD117 staining and no statistical difference was detected between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Rabbit does not appear to be a good model for investigating ICCs. ESWL may cause histopathological alterations in the renal pelvis and ureter. Since it has not been statistically proven, reduced contractility of the ureter after ESWL may not be attributed to altered distribution of ICCs in the renal pelvis and ureter.Öğe Effect of P/E-selectin blockage on antisperm antibody development and histopathological alterations in experimental orchitis(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2013) Cesur, Ozkan; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Ayva, Sebnem Kupana; Fedakar-Senyucel, Mine; Soyer, Tutku; Kisa, Ucler; Cakmak, MuratAim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of P/E-selectin blockage on antisperm antibody (ASA) development and histopathological alterations in experimental orchitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Wistar albino-type male rats weighing 100-150 g were included in the study. Rats were allocated into six groups (n = 6) including control (CG), sham (SG), orchitis (OG), antimicrobial treatment (AG), P/E-selectin blockage (PESG), and both antimicrobial and P/E-selectin treatment (TG) groups. In CG, serum samples were taken from the tail vein prior to the procedure and followed by extraction of both testes. In SG, 1 ml of saline solution was injected in testicular parenchyma. OG was obtained by injecting 0.1 ml 106 cfu/ml Escherichia coli (0: 6 strain) and 1 ml saline solution into the right testes. AG received ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg/day) twice a day through gastrogavage 24 hours after generating orchitis. In PESG, P/E-selectin antibody (100 mu g) was administered intravenously via the tail vein 24 hours after the induction of orchitis. Finally, both ciprofloxacin and P/E-selectin antibody were administered in TG 24 hours after the induction of orchitis for 14 days. At the end of treatment, 1 ml of serum sample was obtained to evaluate the ASA, P-selectin and E-selectin levels. In order to evaluate spermatogenesis (Johnsen score) and testicular injury (Cosentino score), both testes were extracted at the end of the 14th day. Results: In orchitis-induced groups (OG, ATG, PSEG, TG), ASA levels were significantly increased at the 14th day when compared to SG (p < 0.05). In TG, ASA levels were decreased when compared to AG. However, similar alteration in ASA levels was not detected in PSEG (p > 0.05). In OG and AG, P-selectin levels were decreased at the 14th day when compared to levels observed on 0 day (p < 0.05). E-selectin levels on 0 day showed that each group had higher levels of E-selectin when compared to CG (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference regarding E-selectin when compared to CG (p > 0.05). No significant differences regarding E-selectin levels were detected on the 0th and 14th days between AG and CG (p > 0.05). When the Cosentino and Johnsen scores were compared among groups, TG and PSEG has decreased scores of Cosentino than OG on the right testicle (p < 0.05). In contrast, an increased Johnsen score was detected in TG and PSEG when compared to OG (p < 0/05). No significant difference was detected for both Cosentino and Johnsen scores on the left testicle (p > 0.05). There was no difference with regard to the right and left testicular injury in TG. In P/E-blocked groups, decreased histopathological alterations were observed in the contralateral testis. Conclusion: P/E-selectin blockage may reduce ASA production after orchitis when combined with antimicrobial treatment. P/E-selectin blockage not only has a protective effect on blood-testis barrier but also decreases the histopathological alterations in both the affected and contralateral testis. Histopathological parameters of spermatogenesis may also be prevented by P/E-selectin blockage in experimental orchitis. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of Penile Tourniquet on Growth Factors in Rat Penile Tissue(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2009) Kaya, Murat; Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Şebnem; Çakmak, MuratAim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of penile tourniquet application on growth factors in rat penile tissues. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar male rats were included in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups. After anesthetization, perimeatal penile skin and the corpus cavernosum were sampled in the control group (CG). A Mathieu-like flap was designed without a penile tourniquet (PT) to serve as a sham group (SG). In the PT groups, a Mathieu-like flap was created and a 5 mm diameter rubber circular band was applied at the base of the penis. The PT was applied for 10 min in the PT-10 group and for 30 min in the PT-30 group. Penile tissue was sampled 24 h after PT application in the SG and PT groups. Tissues obtained were examined in three sections: the subepithelial vascular plexus (SVP), the corpus cavernosum (CC) and the smooth muscle-like mesenchymal cells in the corpus cavernosum (MC). Acute inflammation was evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The effect of PT on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and transforming growth factor 0 receptor (TGF beta-R) levels was evaluated. Results: Higher grades of acute inflammation were encountered in the PT-10 and PT-30 groups compared to the CG and SG (p<0.005). However, mean grades of acute inflammation did not show a statistical difference between the PT-10 and PT-30 groups (p>0.05). When the levels of growth factors were compared between the CG and PT-10 group, the PT-10 group showed increased levels of VEGF and TGF beta-R. In the PT-30 group, both VEGF and VEGFR levels were found to be decreased. When acute inflammation grades of tissues were correlated with VEGF and TGF beta-R, higher acute inflammation grades correlated with decreased VEGF and increased TGF beta-R levels (Spearman's correlation, p<0.005). Although alterations in VEGF and TGF beta-R levels were detected in the SVP and CC of penile tissues, altered VEGFR levels were only detected in the MC sections. Conclusion: PT caused higher grades of acute inflammation which correlated with decreased VEGF levels and increased TGF beta-R levels. Decreased VEGF levels after PT may alter the angiogenesis phase of wound healing and cause poor angiogenesis in penile skin flaps. Increased levels of TGF beta-R can be considered as an acute inflammatory response to PT. These results confirmed that prolonged PT application may result in altered growth factors in penile tissue and may reduce the success rate of repair.Öğe Effect of phototherapy on gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity and oxidative stress(Springer, 2011) Soyer, Tutku; Aliefendioglu, Didem; Aktuna, Zuhal; Caglayan, Osman; Aydos, Tolga Resat; Cakmak, MuratAim To evaluate the effect of phototherapy on gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity and oxidative stress. Methods Wistar albino rats (n = 18, in the first 7 days of life) weighing 7 +/- 2 g with both sexes were included in the study. The animals were randomized into three groups. In control group (CG), median laparotomy was performed to obtain 1 cm of jejunum, terminal ileum and colonic segments. In the phototherapy group (PTG), led phototherapy with a wave density of 40 mu w/cm(2)/nm were used (Bilitron 3006, Fanem, Brasil). The efficacy surface of phototherapy was 30-40 cm and the exposure distance was 30 cm. The duration of phototherapy was 24 h. Sham group (SG) received white light with the same wave density and exposure distance. The oxidative stress markers and contraction responses were investigated from intestinal segments obtained from experiments. Results The jejunum segments showed significantly lowered contraction response to carbachol in SG when compared to CG and PTG (p < 0.05). Decreased contractile response to KCl was detected in both SG and PTG in terminal ileum segments. MDA levels showed no difference between groups (p > 0.05). Total sulfhydryl (T-SH) levels were found significantly increased in PTG when compared to CG and SG (p < 0.05). When NO levels were evaluated, NO levels were found decreased in PTG and SG with respect to CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion PT may cause various alterations in oxidant/antioxidant system in intestinal segments. Unlike to clinical findings, decreased contractile responses were detected in rat gastrointestinal smooth muscles after PT.Öğe Effect of phototherapy on growth factor levels in neonatal rat skin(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2011) Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Sebnem; Aliefendioglu, Didem; Aktuna, Zuhal; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Senyucel, Mine Fedakar; Cakmak, MuratAim: Neonates undergoing surgery may receive phototherapy (PT) for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Although the effects of PT on neonatal structures are well documented, the effect of PT on wound healing has not been previously evaluated. An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of PT on growth factor levels responsible for wound healing in neonatal rat skin. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar newborn rats (7 +/- 2 g) were included in the study. Rats were randomized into 3 groups: control (CG), PT, and sham (SG) (n = 6). Both groups had 1-cm median dorsal skin incision. In CG, 1 x 1 cm of dorsal skin was sampled including the incised skin. The PT group received 5 banks of blue light (wave density, 30-40 mu w/cm(2) per nanometer; exposure distance, 45 cm). Phototherapy was started 24 hours after birth and exposed during light period (mean duration, 21 hours to 15 minutes perpendicular to 2 hour to 1.5 minutes). Sham group consisted of animals that received a bank of white light with same exposure distance and a total duration of 26 hours to 18 minutes +/- 3 hours to 9.1 minutes. After exposure, 1 x 1 cm dorsal skin samples were obtained from both PT and SG groups, including the median incision. The effect of PT was evaluated with the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptor (VEGF receptor), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in endothelial vessels and fibroblasts of neonatal skin samples. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in VEGF receptor and transforming growth factor beta expressions. The VEGF levels in endothelial vessels were significantly decreased in PT and SG when compared with CG (P < .05). Conclusion: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a mediator of angiogenesis and may decrease in neonatal rat skin after light exposure. It can be suggested that decreased levels of VEGF after PT application may alter angiogenesis and also may adversely affect the healing features of neonatal skin. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of platelet rich fibrin on growth factor levels in urethral repair(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2013) Soyer, Tutku; Ayva, Sebnem; Boybeyi, Ozlem; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Cakmak, MuratAim: Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous source of growth factors and promotes wound healing. An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of PRF on growth factor levels in urethral repair. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats were included in the study. Rats were allocated in three groups (n:6): control (CG), sham (SG), and PRF (PRFG). In SG, a 5 mm vertical incision was performed in the penile urethra and repaired with 10/0 Vicryl (R) under a microscope. In PRFG, during the urethral repair as described in SG, 1 cc of blood was sampled from each rat and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2400 rpm. PRF obtained from the centrifugation was placed on the repair site during closure. Penile urethras were sampled 24 hours after PRF application in PRFG and after urethral repair in SG. Transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta-R-CD105), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGF-R), as well as endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), were evaluated in subepithelia of the penile skin and urethra. Groups were compared for growth factor levels and growth factor receptor expression with the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: TGF-beta-R levels were significantly decreased in SG when compared to CG (p < 0.05). In PRFG, TGF-beta-R was increased in both subepithelia of penile skin and urethra with respect to SG (p < 0.05). When VEGF levels and its receptor expression were compared between SG and PRFG, VEGF levels were found to be increased in penile skin subepithelium, whereas VEGF-R expressions were decreased in urethral subepithelia in PRFG (p < 0.05). There was no difference between groups for EGFR levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Use of PRF after urethral repair increases TGF-beta-R and VEGF expressions in urethral tissue. PRF can be considered as an alternative measure to improve the success of urethral repair. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
