Methylation and cancer: Review
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2008
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
DNA methylation is the major epigenetic modification in mammals, and is seen in CpG dinucleotides. In normal cells, the CpG dinucleotides in repetitive DNA are methylated, and CpG islands, which are found in the promotor region in 50% of genes, are demethylated. Epigenetic modifications may be defined as inheritable gene expression changes, without altering the primary sequence of DNA. It is well established that epigenetic modifications are as important as genetic changes in cancer development. Cancer cells show genomic hypomethylation and gene promotor hypermethylation. Both are independent from each other, but are effective in cancerogenesis in different ways. Hypermethylation of the promotor has a supressive effect on the downstream gene, and is important in turnout supressor gene inactivation. hMLH1 and O-6-MGMT gene methylations are the most studied among different cancer types. Knudson's two hit hypothesis is the most common hypotesis for cancer development, and one of these hits may be epigenetic. Genomewide hypomethylation may favor for genomic instability and reactivation of parasitic sequences. Promotor hypermethylation may show different patterns in different cancers, or different types of the same cancer, and methylation patterns may be useful as a cancer biomarker or a prognostic marker. Epigenetic mutations are reversible, and there is sparse promotor hypermethylation in normal cells, which makes demethylating agents highly specific for cancer cells. Increasing our knowledge on the methylation changes in cancer cells will improve our approaches to the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of cancer.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
methylation, neoplasms, epigenesis, genetic, gene silencing, chromatin assembly and disassembly
Kaynak
Turkiye Klinikleri Tip Bilimleri Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Q4
Cilt
28
Sayı
4
Künye
closedAccess
