Smell Regions in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An MRI Evaluation
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Tarih
2021
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Thieme Medical Publ Inc
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Objectives We investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency in the peripheral and central smell regions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods This retrospective study included 29 patients (12 males, 17 females) with 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)(2)D-3] deficiency (group 1) and 34 subjects without 25 (OH)(2)D-3 deficiency (14 males, 20 females) (group 2). Using cranial MRIs, the peripheral (olfactory bulb [OB] volume and olfactory sulcus [OS] depth) and central (insular gyrus and corpus amygdala) smell regions were evaluated. Results The OB volume and OS depth values of the 25(OH)(2)D-3 deficiency group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). For the central smell regions, the insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas of the 25(OH)(2)D-3 deficiency group were nonsignificantly lower than those in the control group (p>0.05). There were positive correlations between OB volumes, OS depths, and insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas bilaterally in the 25(OH)(2)D-3 deficiency group separately and in all subjects (groups 1 and 2) (p<0.05). In the 25(OH)(2)D-3 deficiency group, as the 25(OH)(2)D-3 values became lower, the insular gyrus area values decreased bilaterally (p<0.05). In females, the corpus amygdala area values were lower than in males (p<0.05). Conclusion Since vitamin D3 deficiency affected the peripheral and central smell regions negatively, we recommend evaluating patients' vitamin D levels as a health policy to prevent vitamin D3 deficiency-related cranial smell region problems. Moreover, sunlight exposure is very important to increase vitamin D levels, and the public should be informed about this topic.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
vitamin D3 deficiency; olfactory bulb volume; olfactory sulcus depth; insular gyrus; corpus amygdala; smell
Kaynak
Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B-Skull Base
WoS Q Değeri
Q4
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
82
Sayı
5
