Smell Regions in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An MRI Evaluation

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dc.authoridBAYAR MULUK, NURAY/0000-0003-3602-9289
dc.contributor.authorSencan, Ziya
dc.contributor.authorBayar Muluk, Nuray
dc.contributor.authorSahan, Mehmet Hamdi
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-21T16:44:25Z
dc.date.available2025-01-21T16:44:25Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentKırıkkale Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjectives We investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency in the peripheral and central smell regions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods This retrospective study included 29 patients (12 males, 17 females) with 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)(2)D-3] deficiency (group 1) and 34 subjects without 25 (OH)(2)D-3 deficiency (14 males, 20 females) (group 2). Using cranial MRIs, the peripheral (olfactory bulb [OB] volume and olfactory sulcus [OS] depth) and central (insular gyrus and corpus amygdala) smell regions were evaluated. Results The OB volume and OS depth values of the 25(OH)(2)D-3 deficiency group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). For the central smell regions, the insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas of the 25(OH)(2)D-3 deficiency group were nonsignificantly lower than those in the control group (p>0.05). There were positive correlations between OB volumes, OS depths, and insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas bilaterally in the 25(OH)(2)D-3 deficiency group separately and in all subjects (groups 1 and 2) (p<0.05). In the 25(OH)(2)D-3 deficiency group, as the 25(OH)(2)D-3 values became lower, the insular gyrus area values decreased bilaterally (p<0.05). In females, the corpus amygdala area values were lower than in males (p<0.05). Conclusion Since vitamin D3 deficiency affected the peripheral and central smell regions negatively, we recommend evaluating patients' vitamin D levels as a health policy to prevent vitamin D3 deficiency-related cranial smell region problems. Moreover, sunlight exposure is very important to increase vitamin D levels, and the public should be informed about this topic.
dc.identifier.doi10.1055/s-0040-1722227
dc.identifier.endpage600
dc.identifier.issn2193-6331
dc.identifier.issn2193-634X
dc.identifier.issue5
dc.identifier.pmid34513566
dc.identifier.startpage593
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722227
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/25454
dc.identifier.volume82
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000608734600004
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherThieme Medical Publ Inc
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Neurological Surgery Part B-Skull Base
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241229
dc.subjectvitamin D3 deficiency; olfactory bulb volume; olfactory sulcus depth; insular gyrus; corpus amygdala; smell
dc.titleSmell Regions in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency: An MRI Evaluation
dc.typeArticle

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