Valorization of Seawater as an Activator for Mixing and Curing Water in Mid-Strength Concrete Containing Class C Fly Ash: Strength, Economic and Environmental Benefits

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dc.authoridKaplan, Gokhan/0000-0001-6067-7337
dc.contributor.authorAruntas, Huseyin Yilmaz
dc.contributor.authorKorkmaz, Yusuf
dc.contributor.authorDemir, Ilhami
dc.contributor.authorKaplan, Gokhan
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-21T16:55:51Z
dc.date.available2025-01-21T16:55:51Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentKırıkkale Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractFly ash (FA), which is utilized to create the next generation of green concrete for contemporary buildings, is widely accessible throughout the world. This study investigated the activation of concretes with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Class C fly ash (CFA) by seawater. Seawater was used for curing and mixing water to determine the effectiveness of the activation process. Fresh state, compressive strength, carbon footprint and cost properties of CFA and non-CFA concrete were analyzed. Fresh state, compressive strength, carbon footprint and cost properties of CFA and without CFA concrete were analyzed. The slump values of the concrete were adjusted according to the S3 class specified in the EN 206 standard. The densities of the fresh concretes ranged between 2366 and 2417 kg/m3, while the fresh densities decreased slightly as the CFA content increased. The 28-day compressive strength of the concretes varied between 17.9 and 39.1, and the 90-day compressive strength ranged between 22.2 and 40.4 MPa. Generally, using up to 10% CFA can increase compressive strength. Using seawater as mixing water rather than curing water increases the compressive strength. The CO2 emissions and costs of concretes decrease as the CFA content increases. Concrete using 20% CFA can reduce CO2 emissions by up to 19% and costs by up to 6% compared to the reference. As a result, the carbon and cost performances of the concrete improve more when seawater is used in the mix water, and CFA is used at a ratio of 10%. In addition, seawater is more suitable for the activation process of CFA-containing concretes.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s40996-023-01302-8
dc.identifier.issn2228-6160
dc.identifier.issn2364-1843
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85179721362
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01302-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/25860
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001126489000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Int Publ Ag
dc.relation.ispartofIranian Journal of Science and Technology-Transactions of Civil Engineering
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241229
dc.subjectChemical activation; Cost analysis; Fly ash; Seawater effect; Sustainability
dc.titleValorization of Seawater as an Activator for Mixing and Curing Water in Mid-Strength Concrete Containing Class C Fly Ash: Strength, Economic and Environmental Benefits
dc.typeArticle

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