Risk Factors Influencing Smoking Behavior: A Turkish Twin Study

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dc.contributor.authorOncel, Sevgi Yurt
dc.contributor.authorDick, Danielle M.
dc.contributor.authorMaes, Hermine H.
dc.contributor.authorAliev, Fazil
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-25T18:07:55Z
dc.date.available2020-06-25T18:07:55Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.departmentKırıkkale Üniversitesi
dc.descriptionAliev, Fazil/0000-0001-8357-4699; ONCEL, Sevgi YURT/0000-0002-0990-292X
dc.description.abstractAim: In this study, we introduce the first twin study in Turkey, focusing on smoking behavior, and laying the foundation to register all twins born in Turkey for research purposes. Using Turkish twins will contribute to our understanding of health problems in the context of cultural differences. Materials and methods: We assessed 309 twin pairs (339 males and 279 females) aged between 15 and 45 years living in the Kirikkale and Ankara regions of Turkey, and administered a health and lifestyle interview that included questions about smoking status and smoking history. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and bivariate and multivariate clustered logistic regression. In addition, we fit bivariate Structural Equation Models (SEM) to determine contributions of latent genetic and environmental factors to smoking outcomes in this sample. Results: One hundred seventy-eight participants (28.8%) were identified as smokers, smoking every day for a month or longer, of whom 79.2% were males and 20.8% were females. Mean values for number of cigarettes per day and the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Fagerstrom, 1978) score were higher in males than in females, and age of onset was earlier in males. There was a significant positive correlation between the FTND score and number of cigarettes smoked per day, and a significant negative correlation between both variables and age at onset of smoking. Our study showed that gender, presence of a smoking twin in the family, age, alcohol use, marital status, daily sports activities, and feeling moody all played a significant role in smoking behavior among twins. The twin analysis suggested that 79.5% of the liability to FTND was influenced by genetic factors and 20.5% by unique environment, while familial resemblance for smoking initiation was best explained by common environmental factors. Conclusions: Marked differences in the prevalence of smoking behavior in men versus women were observed for the Turkish population. Genetic analyses showed that common environmental factors primarily contributed to smoking initiation, while genetic factors explained a greater proportion of variance in liability to nicotine dependence. Our study shows higher heritability estimate of the FTND scores and higher shared environmental influence on smoking initiation for both males and females than reported in previous studies.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipKirikkale University Research Grant: KKUKirikkale University [2009/43]; [K02 AA018755]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe are grateful to all twins for participating in this study, their families, and municipal officials for their help with data collection in this study. The authors are also grateful to an anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to considerably improve the quality of the manuscript. This research was supported by Kirikkale University Research Grant: KKU, 2009/43. Danielle M. Dick was supported by K02 AA018755.en_US
dc.identifier.citationOncel, S. Y., Dick, D. M., Maes, H. H., & Alıev, F. (2014). Risk factors influencing smoking behavior: a Turkish twin study. Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 17(6), 563–573.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/thg.2014.43
dc.identifier.endpage573en_US
dc.identifier.issn1832-4274
dc.identifier.issn1839-2628
dc.identifier.issue6en_US
dc.identifier.pmid25431287
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84914668907
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.startpage563en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2014.43
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/5691
dc.identifier.volume17en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000345707600008
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherCambridge Univ Pressen_US
dc.relation.ispartofTwin Research And Human Genetics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectsmokingen_US
dc.subjectnicotine dependenceen_US
dc.subjecttwin modelsen_US
dc.subjectalcohol dependenceen_US
dc.subjectstructural equation modelingen_US
dc.subjectFTND (Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence)en_US
dc.subjectclustered logistic regression analysisen_US
dc.titleRisk Factors Influencing Smoking Behavior: A Turkish Twin Studyen_US
dc.typeArticle

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