Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19

Basit Öğe Kaydı
dc.contributor.authorAzkur, Ahmet Kursat
dc.contributor.authorAkdis, Mubeccel
dc.contributor.authorAzkur, Dilek
dc.contributor.authorSokolowska, Milena
dc.contributor.authorvan de Veen, Willem
dc.contributor.authorBruggen, Marie-Charlotte
dc.contributor.authorO'Mahony, Liam
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-14T18:10:31Z
dc.date.available2021-01-14T18:10:31Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.departmentKKÜ
dc.descriptionO'Mahony, Liam/0000-0003-4705-3583; Sokolowska, Milena/0000-0001-9710-6685; Yadong, GAO/0000-0003-1251-7608; Bruggen, Marie-Charlotte/0000-0002-8607-6254; AZKUR, DILEK/0000-0002-4396-9087
dc.description.abstractAs a zoonotic disease that has already spread globally to several million human beings and possibly to domestic and wild animals, eradication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears practically impossible. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of the immunology of this disease to contain the pandemic by developing vaccines and medicines for the prevention and treatment of patients. In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to deteriorating clinical conditions such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute-phase reactants, and serum biochemistry in COVID-19. Similar to many other viral infections, asymptomatic disease is present in a significant but currently unknown fraction of the affected individuals. In the majority of the patients, a 1-week, self-limiting viral respiratory disease typically occurs, which ends with the development of neutralizing antiviral T cell and antibody immunity. The IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-type virus-specific antibodies levels are important measurements to predict population immunity against this disease and whether cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses is taking place. High viral load during the first infection and repeated exposure to virus especially in healthcare workers can be an important factor for severity of disease. It should be noted that many aspects of severe patients are unique to COVID-19 and are rarely observed in other respiratory viral infections, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia and lung tissue damage, a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure. Lymphopenia causes a defect in antiviral and immune regulatory immunity. At the same time, a cytokine storm starts with extensive activation of cytokine-secreting cells with innate and adaptive immune mechanisms both of which contribute to a poor prognosis. Elevated levels of acute-phase reactants and lymphopenia are early predictors of high disease severity. Prevention of development to severe disease, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and novel approaches to prevent their development will be main routes for future research areas. As we learn to live amidst the virus, understanding the immunology of the disease can assist in containing the pandemic and in developing vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat individual patients.en_US
dc.identifier.citationAzkur, AK, Akdis, M, Azkur, D, et al. (2020). Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Allergy; 75: 1564– 1581.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/all.14364
dc.identifier.endpage1581en_US
dc.identifier.issn0105-4538
dc.identifier.issn1398-9995
dc.identifier.issue7en_US
dc.identifier.pmid32396996
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85087026482
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage1564en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/all.14364
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/12648
dc.identifier.volume75en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000562835500003
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWILEYen_US
dc.relation.ispartofALLERGY
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğeren_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectCOVID-19en_US
dc.subjectcytokine stormen_US
dc.subjectimmune responseen_US
dc.subjectimmunologic testsen_US
dc.subjectimmunopathologyen_US
dc.subjectinfectionsen_US
dc.subjectpandemicen_US
dc.subjectvirusen_US
dc.titleImmune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19en_US
dc.typeReview Article

Dosyalar

Orijinal paket
Listeleniyor 1 - 1 / 1
Küçük Resim
İsim:
Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19.pdf
Boyut:
2.09 MB
Biçim:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Açıklama:
Tam Metin/Full Text
İndir

Koleksiyon

WOS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Makale Koleksiyonu
Makale Koleksiyonu
PubMed İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu