In-vivo efficacy of toltrazuril on experimentally induced Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in lambs: A novel strategy for prevention of human exposure to meat-borne toxoplasmosis

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dc.contributor.authorKul, Oğuz
dc.contributor.authorYıldız, Kader
dc.contributor.authorÖcal, Naci
dc.contributor.authorFreyre, Alvaro
dc.contributor.authorDeniz, Abdulkerim
dc.contributor.authorKarahan, Siyami
dc.contributor.authorTerzi, Osman Safa
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-25T18:07:24Z
dc.date.available2020-06-25T18:07:24Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.departmentKırıkkale Üniversitesi
dc.descriptionYILDIZ, Kader/0000-0001-5802-6156; DINCEL, Gungor Cagdas/0000-0002-6985-3197; Terzi, Osman Safa/0000-0002-7877-8897; Deniz, Abdulkerim/0000-0002-5242-5671; ATMACA, HASAN TARIK/0000-0001-8379-4114
dc.description.abstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo efficacy of toltrazuril on Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts following induction of chronic toxoplasmosis in 4-week-old lambs (n = 27) by inoculation of 1 x 105 T. gondii ME 49 strain oocysts (day 0). Beginning at the 15th day after inoculation, lambs in Group T20 and Group T40 were given toltrazuril orally 2 times, once every week (Baycox 5%, Bayer Animal Health) at a dose of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Positive control (PC) lambs were not given any therapy, and 2 clinically healthy non-infected lambs were used as negative controls (Group NC). Two out of 9 lambs in PC group (oocyst inoculated but non-treated) were killed on toltrazuril treatment days (day 15 and 22) to evaluate the tissue cyst presence in their muscles. On day 90, the remaining 25 lambs were necropsied, and samples from the brain and 11 different muscle groups were collected. The tissues were examined for the presence of tissue cysts by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, nested-PCR and percoll gradient centrifugation. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were screened by IFAT throughout the experiment. The increased T. gondii seropositivity beginning from the 15th day of inoculation remained steady at Day 45 and Day 90 in Groups PC while it was significantly lower at Day 90 in toltrazuril receiving groups. In toltrazuril treated groups, histopathological findings included degenerative changes in the cyst wall, complete macrophage invasion to the cysts, and reduction or removal of the cysts in to to. Four out of 9 lambs (44.4%) in both toltrazuril treated group (Group T20 and T40) did not contain tissue cyst in any examined tissues while all positive control animals had T. gondii tissue cysts at least in one muscle group. The toltrazuril treatment efficacy on the cyst presence was determined as 44.4%. The number of the cysts in the musculature was significantly different between non-treated and toltrazuril treated lambs (X-2 = 6.613; p = 0.037). For the total number of cysts, the positive control lambs had higher number of cysts compared to both toltrazuril treated lambs (T20 and T40) (X-2 = 5.629; p = 0.018 and X-2 = 5.629; p = 0.018, respectively) while there were no differences between Group T20 and Group T40 (X-2 = 0.000; p = 1.000). According to PCR results, the brain and M. semitendinosus were positive in all 7 control lambs while 12 out of 18 lambs were positive in toltrazuril treated lambs. In conclusion, the results are promising as the toltrazuril treated lambs had markedly less parasite counts compared to those of untreated lambs. Further research should be conducted to reveal if toltrazuril treatment in sheep could be used as a strategy to minimize the cyst exposure of humans through consumption of raw or undercooked mutton. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipBayer Animal Health, GermanyBayer AG [D1HD12000062]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by Bayer Animal Health, Germany in terms of proof and concept (Project No: D1HD12000062). This report was submitted in XXVIth World Buiatrics Congress, Santiago Chile in 2010 as oral presentation.en_US
dc.identifier.citationclosedAccessen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.08.001
dc.identifier.endpage276en_US
dc.identifier.issn0034-5288
dc.identifier.issn1532-2661
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.pmid22954788
dc.identifier.startpage269en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.08.001
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/5564
dc.identifier.volume94en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000316039300014
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Sci Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofResearch In Veterinary Science
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectFood-borneen_US
dc.subjectHumanen_US
dc.subjectLamben_US
dc.subjectTissue cysten_US
dc.subjectToltrazurilen_US
dc.subjectToxoplasma gondiien_US
dc.titleIn-vivo efficacy of toltrazuril on experimentally induced Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in lambs: A novel strategy for prevention of human exposure to meat-borne toxoplasmosisen_US
dc.typeArticle

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